the Fir, Pine, Pinaster, Pitch-tree, Larsh, and Subterranean trees

„ 220 „ IV. Of the Cedar, Juniper, Cypress, Savine, Thuya, &c. „ 253 „ V. Of the Cork, Ilex, Alaternus, Celastrus, Ligustrum, Philyrea, Myrtil, Lentiscus, Olive, Granade, Syring, Jasmine and other Exoticks „ 282 „ VI. Of the Arbutus, Box, Yew, Holly, Pyracanth, Laurel, Bay, &c. „ 293 „ VII. Of the infirmities of trees, &c. „ 314

  VOLUME II.

BOOK III.
Chapter	I.	Of Copp’ces	page	1
„	II.	Of Pruning	„	8
„	III.	Of the Age, Stature, and Felling of Trees	„	24
„	IV.	Of Timber, the Seasoning and Uses, and of Fuel	„	80
„	V.	Aphorisms, or certain General Precepts of use to the foregoing Chapters	„	130
„	VI.	Of the Laws and Statutes for the Preservation and Improvement of Woods and Forests	„	138
„	VII.	The paraenesis and conclusion, containing some encouragements and proposals for the planting and improvement of his Majesty’s forests, and other amunities for shade, and ornament	„	157
BOOK IV.
An historical account of the sacredness and use of standing groves, &c.			„	205
Renati Rapini			„	269

 

---

  INTRODUCTION.

I
Evelyn & his literary contemporaries Isaac Walton & Samuel Pepys.

Among the prose writers of the second half of the seventeenth century John Evelyn holds a very distinguished position. The age of the Restoration and the Revolution is indeed rich in many names that have won for themselves an enduring place in the history of English literature. South, Tillotson, and Barrow among theologians, Newton in mathematical science, Locke and Bentley in philosophy and classical learning, Clarendon and Burnet in history, L’Estrange, Butler, Marvell and Dryden in miscellaneous prose, and Temple as an essayist, have all made their mark by prose writings which will endure for all time. But the names which stand out most prominently in popular estimation as authors of great masterpieces in the prose of this period are certainly those of John Bunyan, John Evelyn, and Izaak Walton. And along with them Samuel Pepys is also well entitled to be ranked as a great contemporary writer, though he was at pains to try and ensure his being permitted to remain free from the publicity of authorship, for such time at least as the curious might allow his Diary to remain hidden in the cipher he employed.

With the great though untrained genius of Bunyan none of these other three celebrated prose authors of this time has anything in common. He stands apart from them in his fervently religious and romantic temperament, in his richness of   representation and ingenuity of analogy, and in his forcible quaintness of style, as completely as he did in social status and in personal surroundings. In complete contrast to the romantic productions of the self-educated tinker of Bedford, the works of Walton and Evelyn were at any rate influenced by, though they can hardly be said to have been moulded upon, the style of the preceding age of old English prose writers ending with Milton. The influence of the latter is, indeed, plainly noticeable both in the diction and in the general sentiment of these two great masters of the pure, nervous English of their period.

It would serve no good purpose to make any attempt here to trace the points of resemblance between the works of Walton and Evelyn, and then to note their differences in style. Each has contributed a masterpiece towards our national literature, and it would be a mere waste of time to make comparisons between their chief productions. This much, however, may be remarked, that the conditions under which each worked were completely different from those surrounding the other. Izaak Walton, the author of many singularly interesting biographies, and of the quaint half-poetical Compleat Angler or the Contemplative Man’s Recreation, the great classic “Discourse of Fish and Fishing,” was a London tradesman, while his equally celebrated contemporary John Evelyn, author of Sylva, or a Discourse of Forest Trees, the classic of British Forestry, was a more highly cultured man, who wrote, in the leisure of official duties and amid the surroundings of easy refinement, many useful and tasteful works both in prose and poetry, ranging over a wide variety of subjects. Judging from the number of editions which appeared of their principal works, they were both held in great favour by the reading public, though on the whole the advantage in some respects