A HISTORY OF

THE INQUISITION
OF
THE MIDDLE AGES.

 

BY
HENRY CHARLES LEA,
AUTHOR OF
“AN HISTORICAL SKETCH OF SACERDOTAL CELIBACY,” “SUPERSTITION AND FORCE,” “STUDIES IN CHURCH HISTORY.”

 

 

IN THREE VOLUMES.
VOL. II.


NEW YORK:
HARPER & BROTHERS, FRANKLIN SQUARE.
1901

 

 

Copyright, 1887, by Harper & Brothers.
——
All rights reserved.

 

 

CONTENTS.

BOOK II.—THE INQUISITION IN THE SEVERAL LANDS OF CHRISTENDOM.

CHAPTER I.—Languedoc. Page Obstacles to Establishing the Inquisition 1 Progress and Zeal of the Dominicans 6 First Appointment of Inquisitors.—Tentative Proceedings 8 Popular Resistance 12 Position of Count Raymond 14 Troubles at Toulouse.—Expulsion of the Inquisition 16 Its Return and Increasing Vigor 21 Suspended from 1238 to 1241 24 Condition of the Country.—Rising of Trencavel 25 Connection between Religion and State-craft 26 Pierre Cella’s Activity in 1241-1242 30 Heretic Stronghold of Montségur 34 Massacre of Avignonet.—Its Unfortunate Influence 35 Count Raymond’s Last Effort.—Triumph of the Inquisition 38 Raymond Reconciled to the Church 40 Fall of Montségur.—Heresy Defenceless 42 Increased Activity of the Inquisition 44 Raymond’s Persecuting Energy.—His Death 46 Desperation of the Heretics.—Intercourse with Lombardy 49 Supremacy of Inquisition.—It Attacks the Count of Foix 52 Death of Alphonse and Jeanne in 1273 56 Rise of the Royal Power.—Appeals to the King 57 Popular Discontent.—Troubles at Carcassonne 58 Philippe le Bel Intervenes.—His Fluctuating Policy 62 Renewed Troubles at Carcassonne.—Submission in 1299 67 Prosecutions at Albi, 1299-1300 71 Inquisitorial Frauds.—Case

of Castel Fabri 72 Frère Bernard Délicieux 75 Renewed Troubles.—Philippe Sends Jean de Pequigny 77 Philippe Tries to Reform the Inquisition 79 Troubles at Albi.—Conflict between Church and State 82 Philippe Visits Languedoc.—His Plan of Reform 86 Despair at Carcassonne.—Treasonable Projects 88 Appeal to Clement V.—Investigation 92 Abuses Recognized.—Reforms of Council of Vienne 94 Election of John XXII. 98 The Inquisition Triumphs.—Fate of Bernard Délicieux 99 Recrudescence of Heresy.—Pierre Autier 104 Bernard Gui Extirpates Catharism 107 Case of Limoux Noir 108 Results of the Triumph of the Inquisition 109 Political Effects of Confiscation 110   CHAPTER II.—France. Inquisition Introduced in 1233 by Frère Robert le Bugre 113 Opposed by the Prelates.—Encouraged by St. Louis 115 Robert’s Insane Massacres and Punishment 116 Inquisition Organized.—Its Activity in 1248 117 Slender Records of its Proceedings 120 Paris Auto de fé in 1310.—Marguerite la Porete 123 Gradual Decadence.—Case of Hugues Aubriot 125 The Parlement Assumes Superior Jurisdiction 130 The University of Paris Supplants the Inquisition 135 Moribund Activity during the Fifteenth Century 138 Attempt to Resuscitate it in 1451 140 It Falls into utter Discredit 144 The French Waldenses.—Their Number and Organization 145      Intermittent Persecution.—Their Doctrines

tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">147      François Borel and Gregory XI. 152      Renewed Persecutions in 1432 and 1441 157      Protected by Louis XI.—Humiliation of the Inquisition 158      Alternations of Toleration and Persecution 159   CHAPTER III.—The Spanish Peninsula. Aragon.—Unimportance of Heresy there 162      Episcopal and Lay Inquisition Tried in 1233 163      Papal Inquisition Introduced.—Navarre Included 165      Delay in Organization 167      Greater Vigor in the Fourteenth Century 169      Dispute over the Blood of Christ 171      Nicolas Eymerich 174      Separation of Majorca and Valencia 177      Decline of Inquisition 178      Resuscitation under Ferdinand the Catholic 179 Castile.—Inquisition not Introduced there 180      Cathari in Leon 181      Independent Legislation of Alonso the Wise 183      Persecution for Heresy Unknown 184      Case of Pedro of Osma in 1479 187 Portugal.—No Effective Inquisition there 188   Chapter IV.—ITALY. Political Conditions Favoring Heresy 191 Prevalence of Unconcealed Catharism 192 Development of the Waldenses 194 Popular Indifference to the Church 196 Gregory XI. Undertakes to Suppress Heresy 199 Gradual Development of Inquisition 201 Rolando da Cremona 202 Giovanni Schio da Vicenza 203 St. Peter Martyr 207 He Provokes Civil War in Florence

href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@39458@[email protected]#page_210" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">210 Death of Frederic II. in 1250.—Chief Obstacle Removed 213 Assassination of St. Peter Martyr.—Use Made of it 214 Rainerio Saccone 218 Triumph of the Papacy.—Organization of the Inquisition 220 Heresy Protected by Ezzelin and Uberto 223 Ezzelin Prosecuted as a Heretic.—His Death 224 Uberto Pallavicino 228 The Angevine Conquest of Naples Revolutionizes Italy 231 Triumph of Persecution 233 Sporadic Popular Opposition 237 Secret Strength of Heresy.—Case of Armanno Pongilupo 239 Power of the Inquisition.—Papal Interference 242 Naples.—Toleration Under Normans and Hohenstaufens 244      The Inquisition Under the Angevines 245 Sicily 248 Venice.—Its Independence 249      Inquisition Introduced in 1288, under State Supervision 251 Decadence of Inquisition in Fourteenth Century 253 Disappearance of the Cathari.—Persistence of the Waldenses 254 Remnants of Catharism in Corsica and Piedmont 255 Persecution of the Waldenses of Piedmont 259 Decline of the Lombard Inquisition 269 Venice.—Subjection of Inquisition to the State 273 Tuscany.—Increasing Insubordination.—Case of Piero di Aquila 275      Continued Troubles in Florence 280      Tommasino da Foligno 281 Decline of Inquisition in Central Italy 282 The Two Sicilies.—Inquisition Subordinate to the State 284   CHAPTER V.—The Slavic Cathari. Efforts of Innocent III. and Honorius III. East of the Adriatic 290 The Mendicant

Orders Undertake the Task 293 Bloody Crusades from Hungary 294 Revival of Catharism 298 Endeavors of Boniface VIII. and John XXII. 299 Fruitlessness of the Work 301 Reign of Stephen Tvrtko 303 Catharism the State Religion 305 Advance of the Turks 306 Confusion Aggravated by Persecution 307 The Cathari Aid the Turkish Conquest 313 Disappearance of Catharism 314   CHAPTER VI.—Germany. Persecution of Strassburg Waldenses in 1212 316 Spread of Waldensianism in Germany 318 Mystic Pantheism.—The Amaurians and Ortlibenses 319 Brethren of the Free Spirit or Beghards.—Luciferans 323 Conrad of Marburg.—His Character and Career 325 Gregory XI. Vainly Stimulates him to Persecution 329 Gregory Commissions the Dominicans as Inquisitors 333 The Luciferan Heresy 334 Conrad’s Methods and Massacres 336 Antagonism of the Prelates 338 Assembly of Mainz.—Conrad’s Defeat and Murder 340 Persecution Ceases.—The German Church Antagonistic to Rome 342 The Reaction Keeps the Inquisition out of Germany 346 Waldenses and Inquisition in Passau 347 Growth of Heresy.—Virtual Toleration 348 The Beguines, Beghards, and Lollards 350 The Brethren of the Free Spirit 354 Tendency to Mysticism.—Master Eckart 358 John of Rysbroek, Gerard Groot, and the Brethren of the Common Life 360

colspan="2">John Tauler and the Friends of God 362 Persecution of the Brethren of the Free Spirit 367 Antagonism between Louis of Bavaria and the Papacy 377 Subservience of Charles IV.—The Black Death 378 Gregarious Enthusiasm.—The Flagellants 380 Clement VI. Condemns Them.—They Become Heretics 383 Attempts to Introduce the Inquisition.—Successful in 1369 385 Persecution of Flagellants and Beghards.—The Dancing Mania 390 Beghards and Beguines Protected by the Prelates 394 Speedy Decline of the Inquisition 395 The Waldenses.—Their Extension and Persecution 396 Renewed Persecution of the Beghards 401 William of Hilderniss, and the Men of Intelligence 405 The Flagellants.—The Brethren of the Cross 406 Triumph of the Beghards at Constance 409 Renewed Persecution 411 Hussitism in Germany.—Coalescence with Waldenses 414 Gregory of Heimburg 417 Hans of Niklaushausen 418 John von Ruchrath of Wesel 420 Decay of the Inquisition.—John Reuchlin 423 Its Impotence in the Case of Luther 425   CHAPTER VII.—Bohemia. Independence of Bohemian Church.—Waldensianism 427 Inquisition Introduced in 1257.—Revived by John XXII. 428 Growth of Waldensianism.—John of Pirna 430 Conditions Favoring the Growth of Heresy.—Episcopal Inquisition 433 The Precursors of Huss 436 Wickliff and Wickliffitism 438 John Huss Becomes the Leader of Reform 444 Progress of the Revolution.—Rupture with Rome

href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@39458@[email protected]#page_445" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">445 Convocation of the Council of Constance 453 Motives Impelling Huss’s Presence 455 His Reception and Treatment 457 His Arrest.—Question of the Safe-conduct 460 Communion in both Elements 471 The Trial of Huss.—Illustration of the Inquisitorial Process 473 Exceptional Audiences Allowed to Huss 484 Extraordinary Efforts to Procure Recantation 486 The Inevitable Condemnation and Burning 490 Indignation in Bohemia 494 Jerome of Prague.—His Trial and Execution 495   CHAPTER VIII.—The Hussites. Inquisitorial Methods Attempted in Bohemia 506 Increasing Antagonism.—Fruitless Threats of Force 508 Parties Form Themselves.—Calixtins and Taborites 511 Sigismund Succeeds to the Throne.—Failure of Negotiations 514 Crusade Preached in 1420.—Its Repulse 516 Religious Extravagance.—Pikardi, Chiliasts 517 The Four Articles of the Calixtins 519 Creed of the Taborites 522 Failure of Repeated Crusades.—The Hussites Retaliate 525 Efforts to Reform the Church.—Council of Siena 527 Council of Basle.—Negotiation with the Hussites a Necessity 530 The Four Articles the Basis.—Accepted as the “Compactata” 533 The Taborites Crushed at Lipan 535 Difficulties Caused by Rokyzana’s Ambition 536 Insincere Peace.—Sigismund’s Reactionary Reign and Death 538 The Calixtins Secure Control under George Podiebrad 541 Rome Disavows the Compactata.—Giacomo della Marca in Hungary 542 The Use of the Cup the Only Distinction.—Capistrano Sent as Inquisitor

href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@39458@[email protected]#page_545" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">545 His Projected Hussite Crusade Impeded by the Capture of Constantinople 551 Efforts to Resist the Turks.—Death of Capistrano at Belgrade 552 Steady Estrangement of Bohemia.—Negotiations and Attacks 555 The Compactata Maintained in Spite of Rome 559 The Bohemian Brethren Arise from the Remains of the Taborites 561 Their Union with the Waldenses 564 Their Growth and Constancy under Persecution 566 APPENDIX OF DOCUMENTS 569