COPYRIGHT, 1913,
BY WILLIS MASON WEST.

Norwood Press
J. S. Cushing Co.—Berwick & Smith Co.
Norwood, Mass., U.S.A.

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FOREWORD

Early American history is especially suited for "source work" in secondary schools and undergraduate college classes. After the year 1800, there are too many documents and many of them are too long. The student can get no systematic survey nor any sense of continuity; and source work is therefore merely illustrative of particular incidents. But, for the early period, it is possible, by careful selection and exclusion, to lay a basis for a fairly connected study.

To do this, it is necessary to combine in one volume selections which are usually grouped separately, as "Documents" and as "Readings,"—such, for instance, as the Massachusetts charter, on the one hand, and Winthrop's letters to his wife, on the other. Rigid scholarship may object to the inclusion of such different sorts of sources between the same covers. But students cannot be expected to own or use more than one volume of sources in American history; and the practical educational advantages of the combination seem to me to outweigh all possible objections—besides which, something might be said for the arrangement in itself, for young students, on the side of interest and convenience.

A number of admirable collections of sources for schools are already in use. And yet, in preparing my American History and Government,[1] I found no single volume which contained the different kinds of source material desirable for illustration, while much of the most valuable material was still inaccessible in any collection. Some two-thirds of the selections in the present volume, I believe, have not previously appeared in Source Books; and, for many of the customary documents, I have found it desirable to print parts not usually given. Thus, for Gorges' Patent for Maine, instead of reproducing the territorial grant (which is all that is given in the only Source Book which touches on that document), I have chosen rather to give the portion authorizing a degree of popular self-government (the reference to the "parliament in New England").

In a few cases, documents which might have been expected are not given, because extracts from them are used freely in the American History and Government, to which this is a companion volume. The most important cases of this character are noted at appropriate points. In general, in the selection and arrangement of documents, special emphasis has been given to the following topics: (1) the idealistic motives back of American colonization in Virginia as well as in Puritan New England; (2) the evolution of political institutions in Virginia and in typical Northern colonies,—especially of representative government and of the town meeting, and of such details as the use of the ballot; (3) the very imperfect nature of democracy, political and social, in colonial America,—so that the student may better appreciate our later growth; (4) social conditions,—necessarily a rather fragmentary treatment; (5) the evolution of commonwealths out of colonies in the Revolution; and (6) the breakdown of the Confederation and the making of the Constitution.

Many typical documents are given entire. Other selections are excerpted carefully. In such cases, omissions are indicated, of course, and the substance of the omitted matter is usually indicated in brackets. In the case of a few selections, like those from Winthrop's History, the original document has already been published in standard editions with modernized spelling. Such editions have been followed. The text of all other documents has been reproduced faithfully, except for such departures as are authorized in the American Historical Association's Suggestions for the Printing of Documents; i.e., regarding the spelling out of abbreviations, and the modern usage for the consonantal i and u, and the modernizing of punctuation when absolutely needful to prevent ambiguity. Some students may find a slight difficulty at first in the vagaries of seventeenth century orthography. But this difficulty is quickly surmounted; and, apart from the added flavor that comes from the quaintness of the original, and from the consciousness that the copy has been strictly adhered to, there is often a distinct historical advantage in the practice. The falling away in book-culture in the second generation of New England colonization can hardly be suggested so forcibly in any other way as by following the degeneration of spelling by town officials—as in the Watertown records in Number 83. The peculiarities of type in printed documents have been preserved so far as possible, but here I have taken a greater liberty than in any other matter of this kind. Italics and black-faced type have been introduced freely, to call attention to matter of special importance for instruction. Sometimes this practice has been noted in the respective introductions; and in other cases there will be little difficulty in deciding which passages owe their prominence of this sort to the editor.

I have tried also to add to the teaching value of the book by a free use of introductions to the various extracts, and by footnotes and addenda, with occasional "Hints for Study."

WILLIS MASON WEST.

Windago Farm,
November, 1913.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

colspan="2">The "Declaration" by the Company (drawn by Sandys), June 22/July 2, 1620, justifying the liberal management; from Susan Kingsbury's Records of the Virginia Company of London 63 27. The Ordinance of 1621,—a grant of limited self-government by the Company to the settlers, with authorization of a representative Assembly; from the Appendix to Stith's History of Virginia 70 28. Attempts by King James to control the elections in the Company in favor of the "court party" in 1620 and 1622; from Susan Kingsbury's Records of the Virginia Company of London 73      V. Virginia a Royal Province: Struggle to save the Assembly 29. Royal Commission to Governor Wyatt and his Council (1624), ignoring the Assembly; from Hazard's State Papers 80 30. Royal commission to Governor Yeardley (1625), to like purpose; from Hazard's State Papers 82 31. Protests in the Colony: a. The Assembly's precautionary "bill of rights," with statement of the principle, "No taxation without representation" (three laws from the session of March, 1624); from Hening's Statutes at Large 83 b. Requests from the colony for aid, and, indirectly, for an Assembly: 1. Letter from the Governor and Council to the Special Commission in England (April, 1626); from the Aspinwall Papers, in Massachusetts Historical Society Collections 84 2. Letter from the same to the same (May, 1626); from the Virginia Magazine of History 85 32. Restoration of the Assembly by royal authority (1629): a. Captain Harvey's "Propositions" (after appointment as governor); ib. 86 b. The King's answer to the same; ib. 86 c. Royal instructions to Governor Berkeley (1641); ib. 87 33. Virginian legislation, financial and moral; from Hening's Statutes at Large 87     VI. Virginia under the Commonwealth 34. Terms of settlement between Parliamentary Commissioners and the Assembly (1652); from Hening's Statutes at Large 90 35. Legislation restricting the franchise, and restoring it to the old basis; ib. 92    VII. Maryland to 1660 36. Lord Baltimore's letter to Charles I (1629), describing the hardships of the Avalon colony and asking for a grant in "Virginia"; from Scharf's History of Maryland 93 37. The Maryland charter of 1632; from Bacon's Laws of Maryland 94 38. Extracts from the Avalon charter of 1623 (with comparison with the Maryland grant); from Scharf's History of Maryland 99 39. Excursus: Extracts from the Plowden grant of New Albion of 1634, and the Gorges grant of Maine of 1639 (for comparison with the foregoing, in tracing the development of royal approval of representative institutions in the colonies); the documents from Hazard's State Papers 100 40. The "Toleration Act" of 1649; from the Maryland Archives 102 B. NEW ENGLAND TO 1660   VIII. An Early Exploration 41. Captain George Weymouth's "True Relation" of his voyage in 1605 to the coast of Maine; from the Massachusetts Historical Society Collections 106     IX. The First Source of New England Land Titles 42. The charter of 1620 for the Plymouth Council (sometimes called the Council for New England); from Hazard's State Papers 109      X. Plymouth Colony 43. Negotiations between the Pilgrims and the Virginia Company for the Wincob charter: Cushman's letter explaining the delay; from Bradford's Plymouth Plantation 113 44. Articles of Partnership between Pilgrims and London merchants; ib. 114 45. The "farewell letter" from Pastor Robinson: the Pilgrims a "body politic" with power of self-government; ib. 116 46. The Mayflower Compact; ib.; with addendum—The Exeter Agreement; from Hazard's State Papers 116 47. The Peirce charter of June, 1621, from the New England Council; from the Massachusetts Historical Society Collections 118 48. Early history and hardships:[2] a. Edward Winslow's letter of December, 1621, to a friend in England; from Arber's Story of the Pilgrim Fathers 120 b. Captain John Smith's account, in 1624; Works 122 49. The final source of Plymouth land titles: a. Bradford's Patent of 1630; from Hazard's State Papers 124 b. Bradford's surrender of the same to the colony; ib. 126 50. Extracts from the "Fundamental Laws" of 1636; ib. 127     XI. The Founding of Massachusetts Bay 51. The Gorges claim: a. The charter from the New England Council to Robert Gorges (1622); from Sir Ferdinando Gorges' "Briefe Narration," in Hazard's State Papers 129 b. The Gorges expedition of 1623; ib., in Massachusetts Historical Society Collections 131 52. The founding of Salem and Charlestown: White's "Relation" (1630); from Young's Massachusetts Chronicles 132 53. The Massachusetts Company's charter of 1629; from the Records of the Governor and Company of Massachusetts Bay, edited by Nathaniel Shurtleff (usually quoted here as the Massachusetts Colonial Records) 137 54. The docket of the above charter, as it was presented for royal approval (showing the King's expectation that the charter was to remain in England); from the Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings for 1869-1870 144 55. Excursus: discussion of the original intention of the grantees in the Massachusetts charter as to removing to America, with illuminating extracts from the "Charter of the Company of Westminster for the Plantation of Providence Isle"; (the document from the manuscript in British Record Office) 146 56. Agreement between the Massachusetts Company in England and the Rev. Francis Higginson, on his removal to America; from Young's Chronicles of Massachusetts 148 57. Establishment of a subordinate government in the colony (April, 1629), by order of the Company in England; from the Massachusetts Colonial Records 150    XII. The Colony Becomes Puritan 58. The decision to transfer the government and charter to the colony: a. The first official proposal, by Governor Cradock, at a meeting of the Company in London (July 28, 1629); from the Massachusetts Colonial Records 153 b. The Cambridge Agreement; from Young's Chronicles of Massachusetts 154 c. The final decision by the Company; from the Colonial Records 156

59. Decision of Puritan gentlemen to settle in the colony: a. John Winthrop's argument for a Puritan colony; from Winthrop's Life and Letters of John Winthrop 157 b. Winthrop's reasons for himself coming to America; ib. 159 c. The decision of John Winthrop, Jr.; ib. 160 d. Higginson's "News from New England"; from Young's Chronicles of Massachusetts 161 60. The attitude of the early Puritan colonists toward the Church of England: a. Winthrop's farewell letter to the Church of England; Life and Letters 162 b. Captain John Smith's opinion of the Puritans in 1630 (not Separatists); from Smith's Works 164 61. Political principles of the Puritan leaders (distrust of democracy): illustrated by extracts from Calvin's Institutes 164 62. Early hardships and religious tendencies: a. From Winthrop's History of New England, 1630-1631 168 b. From Winthrop's letters to his wife; Life and Letters 171 c. From Thomas Dudley's letter to the Countess of Lincoln (1631); from Young's Chronicles of Massachusetts 174   XIII. Development of Democracy 63. Oligarchic usurpations in 1630-1631; from the Colonial Records 178 64. The "Watertown Protest" against taxation without representation (the first popular movement), in 1632, and the consequent resumption by the democracy of some of their rights; from Winthrop's History of New England 180 65. Sample legislation under aristocratic rule, 1630-1633; from the Colonial Records 183 66. The beginning of town government, at Dorchester; from the Dorchester Records 188 67. The development of representative government: a. Winthrop's account; from his History of New England 189 b. The official records of the revolutionary General Court of 1634; from the Colonial Records 191 68. Political reaction: the magistrates demand a "negative voice"; from Winthrop's History of New England 194 69. The Puritan government denies free speech in political matters; ib. 195 70. The adoption of the ballot in elections in the General Court; ib. 196 71. The first use of the ballot in local elections; ib. 197 72. A military commission with power of martial law; from the Colonial Records 198 73. Winthrop's account of various political actions: a "Life Council"; extension of the ballot by the use of proxies; restriction of "churches" to the organizations recognized by the government; from Winthrop's History of New England 199 74. The Wheelwright controversy, with special reference to political phases; ib. 199 75. Political and social conditions in Massachusetts in 1636: a. "Proposals" of Lords Say and Brooke, with the answers of John Cotton; from the Appendix to Hutchinson's History of Massachusetts Bay 201 b. Legislation of 1651 regarding dress of different classes; from the Colonial Records 205 76. Attack upon the charter: a. An order in Council in England for its surrender; from Hutchinson's Original Papers 206 b. The defiant refusal of the Colony; from Winthrop's History of New England 207 77. Democratic discontent with aristocratic privilege in 1639 (Winthrop's denial of the right of petition; the abolition of Life Council; delay in conceding a written code); ib. 210 78. The "Body of Liberties"; from Whitmore's Bibliographical Sketch of the Laws of Massachusetts Colony 214 79. A Puritan view of the rules of fair trade (Cotton's sermon upon the conviction of a shopkeeper for exacting exorbitant profits); from Winthrop's History of New England 225 80. The separation of the General Court into two Houses (the first two-chambered legislature in America); the story from Winthrop's History of New England, and the preamble of the act of 1644 from the Colonial Records 226 81. A town code of school laws (1645); from the Dorchester Records 230 82. Colonial school laws (1642 and 1647); from the Colonial Records 233 83. Representative town records (Watertown Records, 1634-1678) 236    XIV. Massachusetts and Religious Persecution 84. Puritan arguments for and against persecution: a. From Nathaniel Ward's Simple Cobbler of Aggawamm (1647) 246 b. From Captain Edward Johnson's Wonder-working Providence of Sions Saviour in New England (1654) 248 c. The discussion between Saltonstall and Cotton (about 1650); from Hutchinson's Original Papers 249 85. Criticism of the Massachusetts way, by a moderate Episcopalian and royalist (Lechford's Plaine Dealing; 1641) 252 86. A Presbyterian demand for the franchise in 1646 (the letter of Dr. Robert Child and others to the Governor and General Court); from Hutchinson's Original Papers 255 87. Trial and punishment of nonconformists for not attending approved churches; from the Colonial Records 259 88. Quaker Persecutions: a. Edward Burrough's appeal to King Charles (1660); from Burrough's Sad and Great Persecution and Martyrdom of Quakers in New England 260 b. Trial of the Quaker, Wenlock Christison (1661); from Besse's Collection of the Sufferings of the People called Quakers 263     XV. Rhode Island to 1660 89. The first covenant at Providence (1636): a compact in "civil things only"; from the Early Records of the Town of Providence 267 90. Roger Williams' argument that religious freedom is consonant with civil order (the ship illustration); from Arnold's History of Rhode Island 268 91. The Patent for Providence Plantation from the Council of the Long Parliament (1644), restricting the government to civil matters; from the Rhode Island Colonial Records 269 92. Rhode Island's answer to the demand of Massachusetts (a refusal to exclude Quakers); from the Appendix to Hutchinson's Massachusetts

Bay 270    XVI. Connecticut before 1660 93. The Fundamental Orders of 1639; from the Connecticut Colonial Records 273   XVII. The New England Confederation 94. The constitution (Articles of Confederation); from the New Haven Colonial Records 280 95. The demand of Massachusetts for more weight in the union, with the answer of the Congress of the Confederation; from the Plymouth Colony Records 285 96. Nullification by Massachusetts, with the protest of the Congress of the Confederation; ib. 287 C. COLONIAL AMERICA  XVIII. Liberal Charters 97. The Connecticut charter of 1662; from the Connecticut Colonial Records 290 98. The Rhode Island charter of 1663 (parts referring especially to religious liberty); from the Rhode Island Colonial Records 293    XIX. An English Colonial System 99. Royal instructions for the "Councill appointed for Forraigne Plantations" (1660); from O'Callaghan's Documents relative to the Colonial History of New York 298 100. The English commercial policy: a. The "first" Navigation Act (1660), regarding shipping and "enumerated" colonial exports, with note from the Act of 1662 explaining that "English" ships include colonial; from Statutes of the Realm 300 b. The Navigation Act of 1663 (regarding colonial imports); ib. 301 c. The Sugar Act of 1733; ib. 303 101. The Duke of York's charter for New York (1664); from O'Callaghan's Documents relative to Colonial History of New York 305 102. Penn's grant of Pennsylvania (1680); from the Charters and Laws of Pennsylvania 307 103. Penn's grants to the Pennsylvanians: a. "Laws agreed upon in England" (1683); from Hazard's Annals of Pennsylvania 311 b. The "Charter of Privileges" of 1701; from Votes and Proceedings of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania 314 104. Berkeley's Report on Virginia in 1671; from Hening's Statutes 319 105. The franchise in Virginia restricted (the Act of 1670); ib. 324 106. "Bacon's Laws" (the legislation of the revolutionary Assembly of 1676); ib. 325 107. The proclamation of July, 1676, by Nathaniel Bacon, "Generall by Consent of the People"; from the Massachusetts Historical Society Collections 328 108. Testimony by various county courts showing that democratic political discontent was a chief cause of Bacon's Rebellion; from the Virginia Magazine of History 329 109. The abolition of Bacon's reforms: a. The royal order; from Hening's Statutes at Large 330 b. The repeal of "Bacon's Laws" by the Assembly of 1677; ib. 331 110. Self-government in Massachusetts restricted: a. Randolph's report to the Lords of Trade; from Hutchinson's Original Papers 331 b. The Massachusetts charter of 1691; from Acts and Resolves of the Province of Massachusetts Bay 333 111. Attempts by England at closer control: a. Recommendation of the Board of Trade (1701) that all charter colonies be transformed into royal provinces by act of parliament; from the North Carolina Colonial Records 339 b. The feeling of the colonists (extracts from a pamphlet by John Wise, minister of Ipswich) 342 c. The action of a Boston town meeting relative to a proposed permanent salary for the colonial Governor; from the Boston Town Records 343 d. Connecticut's refusal to obey a royal officer commissioned to command her militia (a private letter of Governor Fletcher, describing his repulse); from the New York Colonial Documents 347 112. The commission of a royal governor (from George III to Benning Wentworth); from the New Hampshire Provincial Papers 349 113. Freedom of speech vindicated: the trial of John Peter Zenger for criticising the governor of New York; from Zenger's Brief Narrative of the Case and Tryall 352 114. Franklin's "Albany Plan" for the union of the colonies under the crown: a. An account of the motives for the proposal; from Franklin's Works 358 b. The document; from New York Colonial Documents 359     XX. Harsh Phases of Colonial Life 115. Legal punishments in Virginia: "pillory and ducking stoole" in 1662-1748; from Hening's Statutes at Large 364 116. White "servants" (indentured and others) in 1774; from Eddes' Letters from America 364 117. Advertisements for runaway servants; newspaper extracts for the years 1770-1771, from the New Jersey Archives 366 D. THE REVOLUTION    XXI. Preliminary Period—to 1774 118. The Sugar Act of 1764; from the Statutes of the Realm 369 119. The Stamp Act of 1765; ib. 373 120. Reception of the Stamp Act in America: a. Patrick Henry's Resolutions; from the Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia 374 b. A Virginia County Association against the Act; ib. 375 c. The stamp distributor for Virginia persuaded to resign (the letter from Governor Fauquier to the Lords of Trade); ib. 377 d. Threat of violence against any who should use stamped paper; a notice in the New York Gazette of February 27, 1766; reproduced in the New Jersey Archives 380 121. Origin of the Virginia non-importation agreement: a. Protest of the Burgesses against the proposal of the English government to send Americans to England for trial (May 16, 1769); from the Journals of the House of Burgesses 380 b. The "association" of the ex-Burgesses (May 18, 1769); ib. 383 122. The origin of the Massachusetts town-committees of correspondence; from the Boston Town Records 387 123. The creation of Intercolonial Committees of Correspondence: a. Jefferson's later account; from Jefferson's Writings

class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">390 b. The action of the Virginia House of Burgesses; from the Journals 391 c. Letters from other colonies received by the Virginia Committee, approving the recommendation; ib. 392 124. Intimidation of the owners of tea ships (a Philadelphia handbill by "The Committee for Tarring and Feathering"); from Scharf and Westcott's History of Philadelphia 394   XXII. The Rise of Revolutionary Governments 125. The Virginia Burgesses suggest an annual Congress (1774): a. Extract from a letter by a member of the Assembly; from Force's American Archives 396 b. Jefferson's account of the plan for declaring a day of prayer and fasting, on receipt by the Burgesses of the news of the Boston Port Bill; from Jefferson's Works 397 c. Resolution of the Burgesses appointing June 1, 1774, a day of prayer and fasting; from the Journals 398 d. The consequent dissolution of the Assembly by the Governor; ib. 399 e. The ex-Burgesses suggest an annual Continental Congress; ib. 399 f. Letters from the Virginia Committee of Correspondence to the other colonies, conveying Virginia's suggestion for an annual Congress; ib. 401 g. The answer of Rhode Island to Virginia, with the appointment of delegates to the proposed Congress; ib. 403 126. A "call" for the Continental Congress from the Massachusetts Assembly (June 17) 405 127. A Virginia county (Frederick) suggests a Continental Congress and a "General Association" of the colonies (June 8); from Force's American Archives 406 128. Virginia issues the first call for a provincial convention (to elect delegates to the Continental Congress); ib.: a. Suggestion from the ex-Burgesses, May 30, 1774 407 b. Sample notice of the call by an ex-Burgess to his county (a letter from Thomas Mason of June 16) 408 c. Typical call (June 27) by a county committee for a county meeting (Norfolk) to instruct delegates to the coming provincial convention 409 129. Typical Instructions by Virginia county meetings: a. Westmoreland County 410 b. George Washington's county (Fairfax) 412 c. Nansemond County 416 d. York County 417 e. Middlesex County (disapproval of the Boston Tea Party) 417 130. The First Continental Congress: a. The decision upon how the colonies should vote; from John Adams' "Diary" in his Works 418 b. Adams' impressions of the meeting at its close; ib. 420 c. The Declaration of Rights; from Ford's Journals of the Continental Congress 421 d. The Act of Association; ib. 427 131. Typical resolutions by a Virginia county (Prince William) approving the Association of the Continental Congress; from Force's American Archives 432 132. Virginia county conventions become de facto governments (typical action by Fairfax County, organizing a Revolutionary militia January 17, 1775); ib. 433 133. The Virginia Provincial Convention becomes a government: a. Cumberland County instructs delegates for preparation for war; ib. 435 b. The Second Virginia Convention arms and taxes the colony; ib. 436 c. The Third Convention (June, 1775) assumes the forms of a government; from Virginia Calendar of State Papers 442  XXIII. Independence 134. Charlotte County, Virginia, instructs delegates (April 23, 1776) to the coming Fourth Virginia Convention to favor independence and an independent State constitution; Force's American Archives 443 135. The Virginia Convention, May 15, instructs for independence and adopts resolutions for a bill of rights and a constitution; ib. 445 136. The Virginia Bill of Rights; from Poore's Charters and Constitutions 446 137. Virginia's Declaration of Independence, June 29, 1776; from Jefferson's Writings 450 138. Revolutionary State Governments: a. The recommendation of Congress of May 15, 1776; from Ford's Journals of Congress 452 b. John Adams' comment; from John Adams' Letters to Abigail Adams 453 139. The Maryland Convention instructs its delegates in Congress against independence; from Proceedings of the Conventions of Maryland 454 140. Lee's motion for Independence in Congress; from Ford's Journals 458 141. The Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776; from Ford's Journals of Congress 459 142. Anti-social tendencies of pre-Revolutionary measures: a. The effect of closing the courts (Adams' account of his welcome by his horse-jockey client); from John Adams' Works 463 b. A Tory's protest against mob violence, in a parody on Hamlet's soliloquy; from Moore's Diary of the American Revolution 464 c. Correspondence between a Tory and a Committee, showing how the Tory was induced to sign a recantation; from Niles' Principles and Acts of the Revolution 464 143. An oath of allegiance to a new State (Pennsylvania): a facsimile, from Scharf and Westcott's History of Philadelphia 466 144. A Loyalist's pretended "diary" of the year 1789 (written in 1778), to show the danger of French conquest; from Tyler's Literary History of the American Revolution 467 145. A statement of how the Revolution set free social forces; from David Ramsey's History of the American Revolution 468 E. CONFEDERATION AND CONSTITUTION   XXIV. The Articles of Confederation 146. Debates in the Congress on the Articles; from John Adams' Works 470 147. The Articles; from the Revised Statutes of the United States 475    XXV.

The National Domain 148. The desire for Statehood in the West, and Western self-confidence; a statement by a convention of the proposed State of Frankland 485 149. Organization of the Western Territory by Congress: a. The Ordinance of 1784; from the Journals of Congress 486 b. The Northwest Ordinance (1787); ib. 488   XXVI. Drifting toward Anarchy 150. Gouverneur Morris to John Jay, on the prospect of a military dictator; from Sparks' Life and Works of Gouverneur Morris 497 151. Shays' Rebellion: a. A statement of grievances by Hampshire County; from Minot's History of the Insurrection in Massachusetts 497 b. Washington's alarm; letters to Henry Lee and to Madison; from Washington's Writings 500 152. A shrewd foreigner's view of the social conflict over the adoption of a new Constitution (Otto's letter to Vergennes, on the failure of the Annapolis Convention); from the Appendix to Bancroft's History of the Constitution 502  XXVII. Making the Constitution 153. The call issued by the Annapolis Convention for a Federal Convention; from the Documentary History of the Constitution 506 154. Typical credentials of delegates to the Federal Convention (the Georgia credentials); from Farrand's Records of the Federal Convention 510 155. George Mason's account of the preliminaries at Philadelphia (a letter to George Mason, Jr., May 20, 1787); ib. 512 156. The "Virginia Plan"; ib. 514 157. George Mason on aristocratic and democratic forces in the Convention at its opening (letter to George Mason, Jr., June 1); ib. 517 158. The "New Jersey Plan"; ib. 518 159. Hamilton's plan; from Hamilton's Works 521 160. Character sketches of men of the Convention, by William Pierce, a delegate from Georgia; from Farrand's Records of the Federal Convention 522 161. One day in the Convention,—the critical day's debate on the Connecticut Compromise; ib. 532 XXVIII. Ratifying the Constitution 162. George Mason's objections to the Constitution; from Kate Mason Rowland's Life of George Mason 543 163. Mason's explanation of the preparation of his "Objections"; from Farrand's Records of the Federal Convention 546 164. A Federalist account of how John Hancock was induced finally to support the Constitution in the Massachusetts ratifying convention; by Stephen Higginson, in Writings of Laco 547 165. The Federal Constitution 551 Index of Sources. 576 Subject Index. 580