ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO ARIZONA IN 1895

BY

JESSE WALTER FEWKES

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CONTENTS

tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">606 The ruins of the mission 606 The kivas of Awatobi 611 Old Awatobi 614 Rooms of the western mound 614 Smaller Awatobi 617 Mortuary remains 617 Shrines 619 Pottery 621 Stone implements 625 Bone objects 627 Miscellaneous objects 628 Ornaments in the form of birds and shells 628 Clay bell 628 Textile fabrics 629 Prayer-sticks—Pigments 630 Objects showing Spanish influence 631 The ruins of Sikyatki 631 Traditional knowledge of the pueblo 631 Nomenclature 636 Former inhabitants of Sikyatki 636 General features 637 The acropolis 643 Modern gardens 646 The cemeteries 646 Pottery 650 Characteristics—Mortuary pottery 650 Coiled and indented ware 651 Smooth undecorated ware 652 Polished decorated ware 652 Paleography of the pottery 657 General features 657 Human figures

tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">660 The human hand 666 Quadrupeds 668 Reptiles 671 Tadpoles 677 Butterflies or moths 678 Dragon-flies 680 Birds 682 Vegetal designs 698 The sun 699 Geometric figures 701 Interpretation of the figures 701 Crosses 702 Terraced figures 703 The crook 703 The germinative symbol 704 Broken lines 704 Decorations on the exterior of food bowls       705 Pigments 728 Stone objects 729 Obsidian 732 Necklaces, gorgets, and other ornaments 733 Tobacco pipes 733 Prayer-sticks 736 Marine shells and other objects 739 Perishable contents of mortuary food bowls 741 FOOTNOTES APPENDIX 743 INDEX 745

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ILLUSTRATIONS

href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@23691@[email protected]#PL_XCIII" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">XCIII. Bowlder with pictographs near Wood's ranch 545 XCIV. Montezuma Well 547 XCV. Cliff house, Montezuma Well 549 XCVI. Ruin on the brink of Montezuma Well 551 XCVII. Pictographs near Cliff ranch, Verde valley 553 XCVIII. The Red-rocks; Temple canyon 555 XCIX. Palatki (Ruin I) 557 C. Palatki (Ruin I) 559 CI. Front wall of Palatki (Ruin II) 561 CII Honanki (Ruin II) 563 CIII. Walls of Honanki 565 CIV. Approach to main part of Honanki 567 CV. Map of the ruins of Tusayan 583 CVI. The ruins of Küküchomo 587 CVII. Ground plan of Awatobi 603 CVIII. Ruins of San Bernardino de Awatobi 607 CIX. Excavations in the western mound of Awatobi 615 CX. Excavated room in the western mound of Awatobi 617 CXI. Vase and mugs from the western mounds of Awatobi 618 CXII. Paint pots, vase, and dipper from Awatobi 620 CXIII. Pottery from intramural burial at Awatobi 622 CXIV. Bone implements from Awatobi and Sikyatki 626 CXV. Sikyatki mounds from the Kanelba trail 637 CXVI. Ground plan of Sikyatki 639 CXVII. Excavated rooms on the acropolis of Sikyatki 643 CXVIII. Plan of excavated rooms on the acropolis of Sikyatki 644 CXIX. Coiled and indented pottery from Sikyatki 650 CXX. Saucers and slipper bowls from Sikyatki 652 CXXI. Decorated pottery from Sikyatki 654 CXXII. Decorated pottery from Sikyatki 654

href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@23691@[email protected]#PL_CXXIII" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">CXXIII. Decorated pottery from Sikyatki 657 CXXIV. Decorated pottery from Sikyatki 660 CXXV. Flat dippers and medicine box from Sikyatki 662 CXXVI. Double-lobe vases from Sikyatki 664 CXXVII. Unusual forms of vases from Sikyatki 666 CXXVIII. Medicine box and pigment pots from Sikyatki 668 CXXIX. Designs on food bowls from Sikyatki 670 CXXX. Food bowls with figures of quadrupeds from Sikyatki 672 CXXXI. Ornamented ladles from Sikyatki 674 CXXXII. Food bowls with figures of reptiles from Sikyatki 676 CXXXIII. Bowls and dippers with figures of tadpoles, birds, etc., from Sikyatki 676 CXXXIV. Food bowls with figures of sun, butterfly, and flower, from Sikyatki 676 CXXXV. Vases with figures of butterflies from Sikyatki 678 CXXXVI. Vases with figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki 678 CXXXVII. Vessels with figures of human hand, birds, turtle, etc., from Sikyatki 680 CXXXVIII. Food bowls with figures of birds from Sikyatki 682 CXXXIX. Food bowls with figures of birds from Sikyatki 684 CXL. Figures of birds from Sikyatki 686 CXLI. Food bowls with figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki 688 CXLII. Vases, bowls, and ladle with figures of feathers from Sikyatki 688 CXLIII. Vase with figures of birds from Sikyatki 690 CXLIV. Vase with figures of birds from Sikyatki 690 CXLV. Vases with figures of birds from Sikyatki 690 CXLVI. Bowls and potsherd with figures of birds from Sikyatki 692 CXLVII. Food bowls with figures of birds from Sikyatki 692 CXLVIII. Food bowls with symbols of feathers from Sikyatki 694 CXLIX. Food bowls with symbols of feathers from Sikyatki 694 CL. Figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki 696

class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">CLI. Figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki 696 CLII. Food bowls with bird, feather, and flower symbols from Sikyatki 698 CLIII. Food bowls with figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki 698 CLIV. Food bowls with figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki 700 CLV. Food bowls with figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki 700 CLVI. Food bowls with figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki 700 CLVII. Figures of birds and feathers from Sikyatki 702 CLVIII. Food bowls with figures of sun and related symbols from Sikyatki 702 CLIX. Cross and related designs from Sikyatki 704 CLX. Cross and other symbols from Sikyatki 704 CLXI. Star, sun, and related symbols from Sikyatki 704 CLXII. Geometric ornamentation from Sikyatki 706 CLXIII. Food bowls with geometric ornamentation from Sikyatki 708 CLXIV. Food bowls with geometric ornamentation from Sikyatki 710 CLXV. Food bowls with geometric ornamentation from Sikyatki 714 CLXVI. Linear figures on food bowls from Sikyatki 718 CLXVII. Geometric ornamentation from Awatobi 722 CLXVIII. Geometric ornamentation from Awatobi 726 CLXIX. Arrowshaft smoothers, selenite, and symbolic corn from Sikyatki 728 CLXX. Corn grinder from Sikyatki 730 CLXXI. Stone implements from Palatki, Awatobi, and Sikyatki 732 CLXXII. Paint grinder, fetish, lignite, and kaolin disks from Sikyatki 734 CLXXIII. Pipes, bell, clay birds, and shells from Awatobi and Sikyatki 736 CLXXIV. Pahos or prayer-sticks from Sikyatki 738 CLXXV. Pahos or prayer-sticks from Sikyatki 738   FIGURE 245. Plan of cavate dwelling on Rio Verde 540 246. Casa Montezuma on Beaver creek 552 247. Ground plan of Palatki (Ruins I and II) 554 248. Ground plan of Honanki

align="left">559 249. The main ruin of Honanki 562 250. Structure of wall of Honanki 564 251. Stone implement from Honanki 571 252. Tinder tube from Honanki 572 253. Küküchomo 587 254. Defensive wall on the East Mesa 588 255. Ground plan of San Bernardino de Awatobi 608 256. Structure of house wall of Awatobi 615 257. Alosaka shrine at Awatobi 620 258. Shrine at Awatobi 621 259. Shrine at Awatobi 621 260. Shrine at Awatobi 621 261. Clay bell from Awatobi 629 262. The acropolis of Sikyatki 644 263. War god shooting an animal (fragment of food bowl) 665 264. Mountain sheep 669 265. Mountain lion 670 266. Plumed serpent 672 267. Unknown reptile 674 268. Unknown reptile 675 269. Unknown reptile 676 270. Outline of plate cxxxv, b 678 271. Butterfly design on upper surface of plate cxxxv, b 679 272. Man-eagle 683 273. Pendent feather ornaments on a vase 690 274. Upper surface of vase with bird decoration 691 275. Kwataka eating an animal 692 276. Decoration on the bottom of plate cxlvi, f 694 277. Oblique parallel line decoration 706 278. Parallel lines fused at one point 706

class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">279. Parallel lines with zigzag arrangement 706 280. Parallel lines connected by middle bar 707 281. Parallel lines of different width; serrate margin 707 282. Parallel lines of different width; median serrate 707 283. Parallel lines of different width; marginal serrate 707 284. Parallel lines and triangles 708 285. Line with alternate triangles 708 286. Single line with alternate spurs 708 287. Single line with hourglass figures 708 288. Single line with triangles 709 289. Single line with alternate triangles and ovals 709 290. Triangles and quadrilaterals 709 291. Triangle with spurs 709 292. Rectangle with single line 709 293. Double triangle; multiple lines 710 294. Double triangle; terraced edges 710 295. Single line; closed fret 710 296. Single line; open fret 711 297. Single line; broken fret 711 298. Single line; parts displaced 711 299. Open fret; attachment displaced 711 300. Simple rectangular design 711 301. Rectangular S-form 712 302. Rectangular S-form with crooks 712 303. Rectangular S-form with triangles 712 304. Rectangular S-form with terraced triangles 712 305. S-form with interdigitating spurs 713 306. Square with rectangles and parallel lines 713 307. Rectangles, triangles, stars, and feathers 713 308. Crook, feathers, and parallel lines 713 309. Crooks and

feathers 714 310. Rectangle, triangles, and feathers 714 311. Terraced crook, triangle, and feathers 714 312. Double key 715 313. Triangular terrace 715 314. Crook, serrate end 715 315. Key pattern; rectangle and triangles 716 316. Rectangle and crook 716 317. Crook and tail-feathers 716 318. Rectangle, triangle, and serrate spurs 717 319. W-pattern; terminal crooks 717 320. W-pattern; terminal rectangles 717 321. W-pattern; terminal terraces and crooks 718 322. W-pattern; terminal spurs 718 323. W-pattern; bird form 719 324. W-pattern; median triangle 719 325. Double triangle; two breath feathers 720 326. Double triangle; median trapezoid 720 327. Double triangle; median rectangle 720 328. Double compound triangle; median rectangle 720 329. Double triangle; median triangle 721 330. Double compound triangle 721 331. Double rectangle; median rectangle 721 332. Double rectangle; median triangle 721 333. Double triangle with crooks 722 334. W-shape figure; single line with feathers 722 335. Compound rectangles, triangles, and feathers 722 336. Double triangle 722 337. Double triangle and feathers 723 338. Twin triangles 723 339. Triangle with terraced appendages 723

href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@23691@[email protected]#Fig_340" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">340. Mosaic pattern 723 341. Rectangles, stars, crooks, and parallel lines 724 342. Continuous crooks 724 343. Rectangular terrace pattern 724 344. Terrace pattern with parallel lines 725 345. Terrace pattern 725 346. Triangular pattern with feathers 725 347. S-pattern 726 348. Triangular and terrace figures 726 349. Crook, terrace, and parallel lines 726 350. Triangles, squares, and terraces 726 351. Bifurcated rectangular design 727 352. Lines of life and triangles 727 353. Infolded triangles 727 354. Human hand 728 355. Animal paw, limb, and triangle 728 356. Kaolin disk 729 357. Mortuary prayer-stick 736

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