THE AMERICAN SPORTSMAN'S LIBRARY
EDITED BY CASPAR WHITNEY
BASS, PIKE, PERCH
AND OTHERS
BASS, PIKE, PERCH
AND OTHERS
BY
JAMES A. HENSHALL, M.D.
Author Of "Book Of The Black-Bass," "More About The Black-Bass."
"Camping And Cruising In Florida," "Ye Gods
And Little Fishes," ect.
New York
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
London: Macmillan & co., Ltd
1903
All rights reserved
Copyright, 1903.
By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
Set up and electrotyped April, 1903.
Norwood Press
J. S. Cushing & Co.—Berwick & Smith Co.
Norwood, Mass., U.S.A.
INTRODUCTION
In this volume are included all of the game-fishes of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, except the salmons and trouts, and the tarpon, jewfish, and other fishes of large size, which are described in other volumes of this series. As a matter of convenience I have grouped the fishes in families, whenever possible, but in their sequence I have been guided chiefly by their importance as game-fishes, and not in accordance with their natural order. The latter feature, however, has been provided for in a systematic list on a subsequent page.
In order not to burden the text with matter that might not be of general interest, the technical descriptions of the fishes of each group are given in small type at the head of each chapter; and that they may be readily understood by the lay reader the following explanations seem necessary.
The length of the head is from the point of the snout to the hindmost point or margin of the gill-cover. The length of the body is from the point of the snout to the base of the caudal fin, the fin itself not being included. The depth of the body is from the highest point of the dorsal line to the lowest point of the ventral line, usually from the base of the first dorsal fin to the base of the ventral fin. The expression "head 5" means that the length of the head is contained five times in the length of the body; the expression "depth 5" means that the depth of the body is contained five times in its length; "eye 5" means that the diameter of the eye is contained five times in the length of the head. In describing the fins the spiny rays are denoted by Roman numerals, and the soft rays by Arabic numerals, and the fins themselves by initials; thus "D. 9" means that the dorsal fin is single and composed of nine soft rays; "D. IX, 10" means that the single dorsal fin has nine spiny rays and ten soft rays; when separated by a hyphen, as "D. X-12," it means that there are two dorsal fins, the first composed of ten spiny rays and the second of twelve soft ones; "A. III, 11" means that the anal fin has three spines and eleven soft rays. The expression "scales 7-65-18" indicates that there are seven rows of scales between the dorsal fin and the lateral line, sixty-five scales along the lateral line, and eighteen oblique or horizontal rows between the lateral line and the ventral line. The number of rays in the fins and the number of scales along the lateral line, as given, represent the average number, and are subject to slight variation; thus in some localities the number of rays in a fin may be found to vary one or two, and the number of scales along the lateral line may vary from one to five, more or less, from the number given in the descriptions.
I have adhered strictly to the nomenclature of the "Fishes of Middle and North America" (Bulletin, U. S. National Museum, No. 47), by Jordan and Evermann, and in the main I have followed the descriptions as recorded in that admirable work; but in many instances I have depended on my own notes.
The suggestions as to angling and the tools and tackle recommended may be confidently relied on, as they are in conformity with my own practice and are based on my personal experience, covering a period of forty years, on many waters, from Canada to the West Indies, and from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains.
JAMES A. HENSHALL
Bozeman, Montana.
February 1, 1903.
SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE FISHES
DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUME
- FamilySILURIDÃ
- Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque). The Channel Catfish.
- Family CYPRINIDÃ
- Cyprinus carpio, Linnæus. The German Carp.
- Family ELOPIDÃ
- Elops saurus, Linnæus. The Ten-pounder.
- Family ALBULIDÃ
- Albula vulpes (Linnæus). The Lady-Fish.
- Family SALMONIDÃ
- Coregonus williamsoni, Girard. The Rocky Mountain Whitefish.
- Argyrosomus artedi sisco, Jordan. The Cisco.
- Family THYMALLIDÃ
- Thymallus signifer (Richardson). The Arctic Grayling.
- Thymallus tricolor, Cope. The Michigan Grayling.
- Thymallus montanus, Milner. The Montana Grayling.
- Family ARGENTINIDÃ
- Osmerus mordax (Mitchill). The Smelt.
- Family ESOCIDÃ
- Esox americanus, Gmelin. The Banded Pickerel.
- Esox vermiculatus, Le Sueur. The Western Pickerel.
- Esox reticulatus, Le Sueur. The Eastern Pickerel.
- Esox lucius, Linnæus. The Pike.
- Esox nobilior, Thompson. The Mascalonge.
- Family HOLOCENTRIDÃ
- Holocentrus ascensionis (Osbeck). The Squirrel Fish.
- Family SCOMBRIDÃ
- Sarda sarda (Bloch). The Bonito.
- Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill). The Spanish Mackerel.
- Scomberomorus regalis (Bloch). The Cero.
- Family CARANGIDÃ
- Carangus crysos (Mitchill). The Runner.
- Carangus latus (Agassiz). The Horse-eye Jack.
- Trachinotus glaucus (Bloch). The Gaff Top-sail Pompano.
- Trachinotus goodei, Jordan & Evermann. The Permit.
- Trachinotus carolinus (Linnæus). The
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I PAGE THE SUNFISH FAMILY, Centrarchidæ_ 1 The Small-mouth Black-bass, Micropterus dolomieu 3 The Large-mouth Black-bass, Micropterus salmoides 30 The Rock-bass, Ambloplites rupestris 52 The Sacramento Perch, Archoplites interruptusLIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
- Where the Bass bite wellFrontispiece
- page
- Oswego (Large-mouth) Bass36
- The Small-mouth Black-bass. The Large-mouth
- 62