CHATS ON
HOUSEHOLD
CURIOS

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BOOKS FOR COLLECTORS

With Frontispieces and many Illustrations
Large Crown 8vo, cloth.

CHATS ON ENGLISH CHINA.
By Arthur Hayden.

CHATS ON OLD FURNITURE.
By Arthur Hayden.

CHATS ON OLD PRINTS.
By Arthur Hayden.

CHATS ON COSTUME.
By G. Woolliscroft Rhead.

CHATS ON OLD LACE AND NEEDLEWORK.
By E. L. Lowes.

CHATS ON ORIENTAL CHINA.
By J. F. Blacker.

CHATS ON OLD MINIATURES.
By J. J. Foster, F.S.A.

CHATS ON ENGLISH EARTHENWARE.
By Arthur Hayden.

CHATS ON AUTOGRAPHS.
By A. M. Broadley.

CHATS ON PEWTER.
By H. J. L. J. Massé, M.A.

CHATS ON POSTAGE STAMPS.
By Fred. J. Melville.

CHATS ON OLD JEWELLERY AND TRINKETS.
By MacIver Percival.

CHATS ON COTTAGE AND FARMHOUSE FURNITURE.
By Arthur Hayden.

CHATS ON OLD COINS.
By Fred. W. Burgess.

CHATS ON OLD COPPER AND BRASS.
By Fred. W. Burgess.

CHATS ON HOUSEHOLD CURIOS.
By Fred. W. Burgess.

In Preparation.

CHATS ON BARGAINS.
By Charles E. Jerningham.

CHATS ON JAPANESE PRINTS.
By Arthur Davison Ficke.

CHATS ON OLD CLOCKS AND WATCHES.
By Arthur Hayden.

CHATS ON OLD SILVER.
By Arthur Hayden.

LONDON: T. FISHER UNWIN.
NEW YORK: F. A. STOKES COMPANY.

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Chats on
Household Curios

BY

FRED. W. BURGESS

AUTHOR OF "CHATS ON OLD COINS," "CHATS ON OLD
COPPER AND BRASS," ETC.

WITH 94 ILLUSTRATIONS

LONDON
T. FISHER UNWIN
ADELPHI TERRACE

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First published in 1914

(All rights reserved)

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PREFACE

There is a peculiar charm about the relics found in an old home—a home from which many generations of fledglings have flown. As each milestone in family history is passed some once common object of use or ornament is dropped by the way. Such interesting mementoes of past generations accumulate, and in course of time the older ones become curios.

It is to create greater interest in these old-world odds and ends—some of trifling value to an outsider, others of great intrinsic worth—that this book has been written. The love of possession is to some possessors the chief delight; to others knowledge of the original purposes and uses of the objects acquired affords still greater pleasure. My intention has been rather to assist the latter class of collectors than to facilitate the mere assemblage of additional stores of curiosities. It is truly astonishing how rapidly the common uses of even household furnishings and culinary utensils are forgotten when they are superseded by others of more modern type.

The modern art of to-day and the revival of the much older furniture of the past have driven out the household gods of intermediate dates, and it is in that period intervening between the two extremes that most of the household curios reviewed in this work are found. Although many of the finest examples of household curios are now in museums, private collectors often possess exceptional specimens, and sometimes own the most representative groups of those things upon which they have specialized.

The examples in this book have been drawn from various sources. As in "Chats on Old Copper and Brass" (which may almost be regarded as a companion work), the illustrations are taken from photographs of typical museum curios and objects in private collections, or have been specially sketched by my daughter, who has had access to many interesting collections, to the owners of which I am indebted for the illustrations I am able to make use of.

My thanks are due to the Directors of the British Museum, who have allowed their printers, the University Press, Oxford, to supply electros of some exceptional objects now in the Museum; also to the Director of the Victoria and Albert Museum, at South Kensington; and the Director of the London Museum, now located at Stafford House.

Dr. Hoyle, the Director of the National Museum of Wales, at Cardiff, has most kindly had specially prepared for this work quite a number of photographs of very uncommon household curios. The Curator of the Hull Museum has loaned blocks, and photographs have been sent by Messrs. Egan and Co., Ltd., of Cork; Mr. Wayte, of Edenbridge; and Mr. Phillips, of the Manor House, Hitchin. To Mr. Evans, of Nailsea Court, Somerset, I am indebted for the loan of his unrivalled collection of ancient nutcrackers, some of which have been sketched for reproduction. I have also made use of examples in the collections of private friends, and illustrated some of my own household curios, many of them family relics.

The story of domestic curios is made the more useful by these illustrations, and also by references to well-known collections. There is much to admire in the once common objects of the home, now curios, and it is in the hope that some may be led to appreciate more the antiques with which they are familiar that these pages have been penned. If that is achieved my object will have been accomplished.

FRED. W. BURGESS.

London, 1914.

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CONTENTS

href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@25294@[email protected]#PREFACE" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">PREFACE 7 CHAPTER I THE LOVE OF THE ANTIQUE 19 No place like home—Curios in the making—The influence of prevailing styles—A cultivated taste. CHAPTER II THE INGLE SIDE 33 Fire-making appliances—Tinder boxes—The fireplace—Andirons and fire-dogs—Sussex backs—Fireirons and fenders—Trivets and stools—Bellows. CHAPTER III THE LIGHTS OF FORMER DAYS 59 Rushlights and holders—Candles, moulds, and boxes—Snuffers, trays, and extinguishers—Oil lamps—Lanterns. CHAPTER IV TABLE APPOINTMENTS 77 Cutlery: Knives, forks, and spoons—Salt cellars—Cruet stands—Punch and toddy—Porringers and cups—Trays and waiters—The tea table—Cream jugs—Sugar tongs and nippers—Caddies—Cupids—Nutcrackers—Turned woodware. CHAPTER V THE KITCHEN 121 The kitchen grate—Boilers and kettles—Grills and gridirons—Cooking utensils—Warming pans. CHAPTER VI HOME ORNAMENTS 147 Mantelpiece ornaments—Vases—Derbyshire Spars—Jade or spleen stone—Wood carvings—Old gilt. CHAPTER VII GLASS AND ENAMELS 173 Waterford, Bristol, and Nailsea—Ornaments of glass—Enamels on metal. CHAPTER VIII LEATHER AND HORN 185 Spanish leather—Cuir boulli work—Tapestry and upholstery—Leather bottles and drinking vessels—Leather curios—Shoes—Horn work. CHAPTER IX THE TOILET TABLE 199 The table and its secrets—Combs—Patch boxes—Enamelled objects—Perfume boxes and holders—Dressing cases—Scratchbacks—Toilet chatelaines—Locks of hair—Jewel cabinets. CHAPTER X THE OLD WORKBOX 223 Spinning wheels—Materials and work—Little accessories—Cutlery—Quaint woodwork—The needlewoman—Old samplers. CHAPTER XI THE LIBRARY 251 From cover to cover—Old scrap books—Almanacs—The writing table. CHAPTER XII THE SMOKER'S CABINET 269 Old pipes—Pipe racks—Tobacco boxes—Smokers' tongs and stoppers—Snuff boxes and rasps. CHAPTER XIII LOVE TOKENS AND LUCKY EMBLEMS 281 Amulets—Horse trappings—Emblems of luck—Love spoons—Glass curios.

CHAPTER XIV THE MARKING OF TIME 295 Clocks—Watches—Watch keys—Watch stands. CHAPTER XV MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS 309 Early examples—Whistles and pipes—Violins and harps. CHAPTER XVI PLAY AND SPORT 319 Dolls—Toys—Old games—Outdoor amusements—Relics of sport. CHAPTER XVII MISCELLANEOUS 337 Dower chests—Medicine chests—Old lacquer—The tool chest—Egyptian curios—Ancient spectacles—Curious chinaware—Garden curios—The mounting of curios—Obsolete household names. INDEX 357

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

WOODEN FLAGON, WITH COPPER BANDS 101 23. A COCOANUT CUP (SILVER-MOUNTED) 101 24. A COCOANUT CUP (SILVER-MOUNTED) 101 25. COCOANUT FLAGON 101 26. EARLY ENGLISH BRONZE EWER 109 27. INSCRIBED SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY WOOD DRINKING CUP 115 28-30. EARLY CARVED WOOD NUTCRACKERS 115 31-34. MEDIÆVAL WOOD NUTCRACKERS 119 35-39. EARLY STEEL AND BRASS NUTCRACKERS 119 40. TWO ANTIQUE WARMING PANS 124 41. WELSH KITCHEN FIREPLACE 124 42. MECHANICAL ROASTING JACKS 127 43-46. GRIDIRONS SHOWING FOREIGN INFLUENCE IN DESIGN 131 47 AND 48. TWO WOODEN FOOD BOXES 135 49. A COLLECTION OF IRON FAT BOATS AND GREASE PANS 135 50. WOODEN COFFEE CRUSHERS AND PESTLES AND MORTAR 139 51. APPLE SCOOPS OF BONE 139 52. WOODEN PIGGINS AND PORRIDGE BOWL 143 53. WOODEN PLATTER, BOWL, AND SPOONS 143 54. BRASS CHIMNEY ORNAMENT (ONE OF A PAIR) 151 55. BLACK AND GOLD DERBYSHIRE MARBLE VASE 155 56. TEMPLE GUARDIAN, CARVED FROM THE GNARLED ROOT OF A TREE 159 57. CARVED PLAQUE STAND 163 58 AND 59. MINIATURE COPPER AND SILVER KETTLES 167 60. MINIATURE IVORY COFFEE BOILER 167 61. TWO OLD-GILT JEWELLED ORNAMENTS 167 62. THREE FINE OLD IVORIES 171 63. BATTERSEA ENAMELS 179 64. ANTIQUE DRESSING OR TOILET GLASS 202 65. THREE OLD SCRATCHBACKS 209 66. SILVER CHATELAINE TOILET INSTRUMENTS 209 67. ANOTHER CHATELAINE SET 209 68. FINE ORIENTAL LACQUERED BOX 217 69. SMALL

LACQUER CABINET 217 70. A PAGODA-SHAPED CASKET 217 71. DECORATED JEWEL CASE 217 72. OLD SPINNING WHEEL 227 73. SPINNING WHEEL 233 74. OLD LACE BOBBINS 233 75. OLD PIN POPPETS AND ANCIENT PINS 237 76. THREE OLD WORKBOXES 243 77. OLD WORKBOX FITTINGS 247 78. ANCIENT CLOG ALMANAC 257 79. OLD COIN TESTER 265 80. MINIATURE SOUVENIR ALMANAC 265 81. ANCIENT WRITING SET 265 82. THREE CURIOUS PIPE-STOPPERS 275 83. BRASS TOBACCO BOX 275 84. COLLECTION OF HARNESS AMULETS AND TEAM BELLS 285 85. OLD WELSH LOVE SPOONS 291 86. FINE GOTHIC FRENCH CLOCK 299 87. SPECIMENS OF OLD WATCH KEYS 303 88. TWO ANTIQUE WATCH CASES 303 89. OLD SPINET 315 90. CURIOUS TYPES OF WHISTLES 323 91. QUAINT OLD TOY 323 92. A POWDER TESTER 335 93. A PRIMING FLASK 335 94. OLD POWDER FLASKS 343

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I

THE LOVE
OF THE
ANTIQUE

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CHAPTER I

THE LOVE OF THE ANTIQUE

There is an inborn love of the antique in most men, although some are fond of asserting that their interests are bound up in the modern, and that they have no time to devote to the study of the antiquities of past ages or the things that were fashionable in times long past. Yet most people, when their secret longings are analysed, are found to have an admiration for the old; if not a superstitious veneration, at any rate a desire to perpetuate the memory of their ancestors and to keep in mind the things with which they were familiar. The wealthy man of to-day, who may have sprung from the people, secretly, if not openly, endeavours to surround himself with household gods which tell of a longer past and a closer relationship with the well-to-do than he can legitimately claim. In the pursuit of such things many a man has found his hobby; and there are few men who do not find recreation and delight in a hobby of some kind. Such interests outside their regular occupations broaden their outlook and widen their knowledge. Some hobbies tend to lead to specialization, and the specialist is apt to become warped and narrowed; not so, however, the collector of household curios.

No Place Like Home.

It would be difficult to find greater delight than that which centres in those things that concern the home and home life. The love of the old homestead and the goods and chattels

it contains is ingrained in the breast of every Britisher; and although families become scattered and some of their members find homes of their own beyond the seas, they find the greatest delight in the objects with which they were familiar in years gone by, and venerate the relics of former generations—the household gods which have been handed on from father to son.

It is not the intrinsic value of the household curio that is its chief charm; it is rather the knowledge that its long association with those who have claimed its ownership from the time when it was "new" has made it truly a family relic. These thoughts, being so deeply rooted in the minds of most men and women, foster the love of household curios and intensify the interest shown in their possession.

To all it is not given to own family relics; neither would they serve to satiate the ambition of the true collector, although they might form the nucleus of his collection. He seeks other treasures in the town and in the country and wherever such things are offered for sale.

Curios in the Making.

The domestic habits of the people of this and other civilized countries have been the outcome of a slow process of upbuilding. There has been no sudden change; in all grades and under every different social condition, at every period, the improvement of the furnishings of the home has been one of gradual and, for the most part, steady progress.

There was a time when, beyond the bare furniture, tapestry hangings, tools of the craftsmen, and weapons of the warrior, there were few household goods of a portable nature. In mediæval England the oak chest was sufficient to contain the valuables of a large household; and very often beyond a cabinet or sideboard or corner cupboard there were few receptacles where anything of value could be safeguarded. The dower chest, in which the bride brought to her husband household linen and her stock of clothing, and in the wooden compartment in one corner of the chest her jewels and coin of the realm—if she possessed any—was then a prominent piece of furniture. The oak chest, rendered formidable with its massive lock and bolts, opened with a ponderous key, was the chosen receptacle in after-years as a treasure chest, and regarded as the safest place in which to keep valuable documents and other property. In the Public Record Office may be seen the old iron box in which the Domesday Book was kept for many centuries. The old City Companies have their treasure chests still; and boxes studded over with iron nails and fitted with large hasps and locks are pointed out in many old houses as passports to family standing.

The household curios which a collector seeks include objects of utility and ornament. Many of them are associated with household work, and quite a number of one-time kitchen and culinary utensils, as well as those which were once cherished in the best parlour or withdrawing-room, are found places among such curios. During the last few years domestic architecture has passed through several stages of advancement. The stiff and formal Georgian houses, the painful Victorian villas, and some of the earlier attempts at architectural improvement have been swept away to make room for modern replicas of still older styles which have been revived or incorporated in the nouvre art, which touches the home in its architecture and internal decoration, as well as in its furnishings. In modern dwellings the Elizabethan style has often been followed, although modern conveniences have been incorporated. When furnishing such houses with suitable replicas of the antique the householders of the last quarter of a century have been unconsciously, perhaps, fostering the love of household antiques and providing fitting homes for their family curios.

The Day of the Curio Hunter.

This is admittedly the day of curio hunting, and those who specialize on household curios have exceptional opportunities of displaying them to better advantage than those who cared for such things in the past. Perhaps it is because there were so few opportunities of arranging and displaying household antiques during the last three-quarters of the nineteenth century that many objects now treasured have been preserved so fresh and kept in such excellent condition. The housewives of the past generation were undoubtedly conservative in their retention of old household goods, and it is to their careful preservation that so many objects of interest, although perhaps fully a century old, come to the collector in such perfect condition.

The patient labour expended by the amateur artist, the needleworker, and the connoisseur of home art a generation or two ago has provided the collector to-day with an exceptionally interesting class of curio, for there is much to admire in amateur craftsmanship, and especially in the handiwork of the needlewoman and the weaver and decorator of so many beautiful textiles which have been preserved to us. Sentiment was strong in the early nineteenth century, and among the love tokens of that day, chiefly the work of amateurs, some very beautiful and unique curios were produced. These, too, have come down to the collector of the twentieth century, and help him to secure specimens representing every decade, so that in a large collection, carefully selected, the slow and yet sure progress made in the fine arts, and the improvement in the ornamental surroundings in the home, is made clear. In each one of the different groups into which household curios may be divided there are many distinctive objects, all of which are in themselves interesting, but when viewed in association with other things which have been used at contemporary periods, or associated with the home life of persons similarly situated, but dwelling in different localities, are doubly interesting.

The Influence of Prevailing Styles.

In determining the origin of curios, and defining the periods during which they have been made, it is useful to have at least a little knowledge of the influence or character of the prevailing styles in the countries of origin. French art has exercised a great influence upon the productions of other nations; it has also been moulded by the curios and other articles of foreign origin then being sold in France. Regal and political influence have left their mark upon almost every period of French art, and have had much to do with the contemporary art of other nations, for France was for centuries a guide in most of the fine arts, and especially in those things which tended towards decorative effect. The furniture of France may be said to be an exponent of the country's history, so great has been the connection between French art, controlled by passing events, and its commercial products. It is said that the State pageants of the Louis XIV period tended to raise the tone of the work of French artisans and to encourage artists. That was a period of great development, for in the year 1670 the famous tapestry factories sprang into existence; and it must be admitted that the designing of those wonderful textiles influenced the manufacturers of furniture and smaller objects both in France and in other countries.