Transcriber's Notes
Archaic, dialect and inconsistent spellings and hyphenation have been retained as in the original. Minor corrections to format and punctuation together with regularisation of poetry line numbering have been made without comment. Any other changes to the text have been listed at the end of the book.
Notes with reference to ballad line numbers are presented at the end of each ballad and the presence of a note is indicated by links in the text.
ENGLISH AND SCOTTISH BALLADS.
EDITED BY
FRANCIS JAMES CHILD.
VOLUME VII.
BOSTON:
LITTLE, BROWN AND COMPANY.
M.DCCC.LX.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1858, by Little, Brown and Company, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.
RIVERSIDE, CAMBRIDGE:
STEREOTYPED AND PRINTED BY
H. O. HOUGHTON AND COMPANY.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME SEVENTH.
BOOK VII.
CONTINUED.
THE BATTLE OF OTTERBOURNE.
In the twelfth year of Richard II. (1388,) the Scots assembled an extensive army, with the intention of invading England on a grand scale, in revenge for a previous incursion made by that sovereign. But information having been received that the Northumbrians were gathering in considerable force for a counter-invasion, it was thought prudent not to attempt to carry out the original enterprise. While, therefore, the main body of the army, commanded by the Earl of Fife, the Scottish king's second son, ravaged the western borders of England, a detachment of three or four thousand chosen men, under the Earl of Douglas, penetrated by a swift march into the Bishopric of Durham, and laid waste the country with fire and sword. Returning in triumph from this inroad, Douglas passed insultingly before the gates of Newcastle, where Sir Harry Percy lay in garrison. This fiery warrior, though he could not venture to cope with forces far superior to his own, sallied out to break a lance with his hereditary foe. In a skirmish before the town he lost his spear and pennon, which Douglas swore he would plant as a trophy on the highest tower of his castle, unless it should be that very night retaken by the owner. Hotspur was deterred from accepting this challenge immediately, by the apprehension that Douglas would be able to effect a union with the main body of the Scottish army before he could be overtaken, but when he learned, the second day, that the Earl was retreating with ostentatious slowness, he hastily got together a company of eight or ten thousand men, and set forth in pursuit.
The English forces, under the command of Hotspur and his brother, Sir Ralph Percy, came up with the Scots at Otterbourne, a small village about thirty miles from Newcastle, on the evening of the 15th of August. Their numbers were more than double the Scots, but they were fatigued with a long march. Percy fell at once on the camp of Douglas, and a desperate action ensued. The victory seemed to be inclining to the English, when the Scottish leader, as the last means of reanimating his followers, rushed on the advancing enemy with heroic daring, and cleared a way with his battle-axe into the middle of their ranks. All but alone and unsupported, Douglas was overpowered by numbers, and sunk beneath three mortal wounds. The Scots, encouraged by the furious charge of their chieftain, and ignorant of his fate, renewed the struggle with vigor. Ralph Percy was made prisoner by the Earl Mareschal, and soon after Hotspur himself by Lord Montgomery. Many other Englishmen of rank had the same fate. After a long fight, maintained with extraordinary bravery on both sides, the English retired and left the Scots masters of the field. (See Sir W. Scott's History of Scotland, i. 225.)
The ballad which follows, printed from the fourth or revised edition of Percy's Reliques (vol. i. p. 21), was derived from a manuscript in the Cotton library (Cleopatra, c. iv. fol. 64), thought to be written about the middle of the sixteenth century. In the earlier editions, a less perfect copy, from the Harleian collection, had been used. Hume of Godscroft, speaking of the songs made on the battle of Otterbourne, says, "the Scots song made of Otterbourne telleth the time—about Lammas; and also the occasion—to take preys out of England; also the dividing armies betwixt the Earls of Fife and Douglas, and their several journeys, almost as in the authentic history," and proceeds to quote the first stanza of the present ballad. Again, it is said that at Lammas, when the Scotch husbandmen are busy at getting in their hay, the season has been over for a month in most parts of England. From these circumstances, and the occurrence of certain Scottish words, the first part of The Battle of Otterbourne has been regarded as a Scottish composition, retouched by an English hand.
A somewhat mutilated version of this ballad was published in Herd's Scottish Songs. This, though defective, well deserves a place in our Appendix. Sir Walter Scott inserted in the Minstrelsy another edition made up by him from two copies obtained from the recitation of old persons residing in Ettrick Forest, and it is here subjoined to Percy's version.
Genealogical notices of the personages mentioned in this and the following ballad will be found in Percy's Reliques and in Scott's Minstrelsy.
Whan husbonds wynn ther haye,
The dowghtye Dowglasse bowynd hym to ryde,
In Ynglond to take a praye.
He bowynd hym over Sulway:
The grete wolde ever together ryde;
That race they may rue for aye.
And so dowyn by Rodelyffe cragge,10
Upon Grene Leyton they lyghted dowyn,
Styrande many a stagge;
And haryed many a towyn;
They dyd owr Ynglyssh men grete wrange,15
To battell that were not bowyn.
Of comforte that was not colde,
And sayd, "We have brent Northomberlond,
We have all welth in holde.20
All the welth in the worlde have wee;
I rede we ryde to Newe Castell,
So styll and stalwurthlye."
The standards schone fulle bryght;
To the Newe Castelle the toke the waye,
And thether they cam fulle ryght.
I telle yow withowtten drede;30
He had byn a march-man all hys dayes,
And kepte Barwyke upon Twede.
The Skottes they cryde on hyght,
"Syr Harye Percy, and thow byste within,35
Com to the fylde, and fyght:
Thy eritage good and ryght;
And syne my logeyng I have take,
With my brande dubbyd many a knyght."40
The Skottyssh oste for to se;
"And thow hast brente Northomberlond,
Full sore it rewyth me.
Thow hast done me grete envye;
For the trespasse thow hast me done,
The tone of us schall dye."
"Or where wylte thow come to me?"50
"At Otterborne in the hygh way,
Ther maist thow well logeed be.
To make the game and glee;
The fawkon and the fesaunt both,55
Amonge the holtes on hye.
"Well looged ther maist be;
Yt schall not be long or I com the tyll,"
Sayd Syr Harry Percye.60
"By the fayth of my bodye:"
"Thether schall I com," sayd Syr Harry Percy
"My trowth I plyght to the."
For soth, as I yow saye;
Ther he mayd the Douglas drynke,
And all hys oste that daye.
For soth withowghten naye;70
He tooke his logeyng at Oterborne
Uppon a Wedynsday.
Hys gettyng more and lesse,
And syne he warned hys men to goo75
To chose ther geldyngs gresse.
A wache I dare well saye;
So was he ware on the noble Percy
In the dawnynge of the daye.80
As faste as he myght ronne;
"Awaken, Dowglas," cryed the knyght,
"For hys love, that syttes yn trone.
"For thow maiste waken wyth wynne;
Yender have I spyed the prowde Percy,
And seven standardes wyth hym."
"It ys but a fayned taylle;90
He durste not loke on my bred banner,
For all Ynglonde so haylle.
That stonds so fayre on Tyne?
For all the men the Percy hade,95
He cowde not garre me ones to dyne."
To loke and it were lesse;
"Araye yow, lordyngs, one and all,
For here bygynnes no peysse.100
The forwarde I gyve to the:
The yerlle of Huntlay cawte and kene,
He schall wyth the be.
Lord Jhonstone and Lorde Maxwell,
They to schall be wyth me.
To batell make yow bowen,110
Syr Davy Scotte, Syr Walter Stewarde,
Syr Jhon of Agurstone!"
6. i. e. over Solway frith. This evidently refers to the other division of the Scottish army, which came in by way of Carlisle.—Percy.
9-11. sc. the Earl of Douglas and his party.—The several stations here mentioned are well-known places in Northumberland. Ottercap-hill is in the parish of Kirk-Whelpington, in Tynedale-ward. Rodeliffe—(or, as it is more usually pronounced, Rodeley—) Cragge is a noted cliff near Rodeley, a small village in the parish of Hartburn, in Morpeth-ward. Green Leyton is another small village in the same parish of Hartburn, and is southeast of Rodeley. Both the original MSS. read here, corruptly, Hoppertop and Lynton.—P.
12. Many a styrande stage, in both MSS. Motherwell would retain this reading, because stagge signifies in Scotland a young stallion, and by supplying "off" the line would make sense. It was one of the Border laws, he remarks, that the Scottish array of battle should be on foot (see v. 15 of the Second Part). Horses were used but for a retreat or pursuit.
77. the best bent, MS.
101. The Earl of Menteith. At the time of the battle the earldom of Menteith was possessed by Robert Earl of Fife, who was in command of the main body of the army, and consequently not with Douglas.
103. The reference is to Sir John Gordon. The use of this designation shows, says Percy, that the ballad was not composed before 1449. In that year the title of Earl of Huntly was first conferred on Alexander Seaton, who married the grand-daughter of the Gordon of Otterbourne.
105. The Earl of Buchan, fourth son of King Robert II.
A FYTTE.
[THE SECOND PART.]
Wych was ever a gentyll knyght;
Upon the Dowglas lowde can he crye,
"I wyll holde that I have hyght.
And done me grete envye;
For thys trespasse thou hast me done,
The tone of us schall dye."
With grete wurds up on hye,10
And sayd, "I have twenty agaynst the one,
Byholde, and thow maiste see."
For sothe as I yow saye;
He lyghted dowyn upon his fote,15
And schoote his horsse clene away.
That ryall was ever in rowght;
Every man schoote hys horsse him froo,
And lyght hym rowynde abowght.20
For soth, as I yow saye;
Jesu Cryste in hevyn on hyght
Dyd helpe hym well that daye.
The cronykle wyll not layne;
Forty thowsande Skottes and fowre
That day fowght them agayne.
In hast ther came a knyght;30
'Then' letters fayre furth hath he tayne,
And thus he sayd full ryght:
Wyth many a noble knyght;
He desyres yow to byde35
That he may see thys fyght.
With him a noble companye;
All they loge at your fathers thys nyght,
And the battell fayne wold they see.40
"That dyed for yow and me,
Wende to my lorde my father agayne,
And saye thou saw me not with yee.
It nedes me not to layne,
That I schulde byde hym upon thys bent,
And I have hys trowth agayne.
For soth, unfoughten awaye,50
He wolde me call but a kowarde knyght
In hys londe another daye.
By Mary, that mykel maye,
Then ever my
Wyth a Skotte another daye.
And let scharpe arowes flee;
Mynstrells, play up for your waryson,
And well quyt it schall be.60
And marke hym to the Trenite;
For to God I make myne avowe
Thys day wyll I not fle."
Hys standerde stode on hye;
That every man myght full well knowe;
By syde stode starres thre.
Forsoth, as I yow sayne,70
The lucetts and the cressawnts both;
The Skotts faught them agayne.
And thrysse they schowte on hyght,
And syne marked them one owr Ynglysshe men,75
As I have tolde yow ryght.
To name they were full fayne;
Owr Ynglysshe men they cryde on hyght,
And thrysse the schowtte agayne.80
I tell yow in sertayne;
Men of armes byganne to joyne,
Many a dowghty man was ther slayne.
That ether of other was fayne;
They schapped together, whyll that the swette,
With swords of fyne collayne;
As the roke doth in the rayne;90
"Yelde the to me," sayd the Dowglas,
"Or ells thow schalt be slayne.
Thow art sum man of myght;
And so I do by thy burnysshed brande;95
"Thow art an yerle, or ells a knyght.
"Now haste thou rede full ryght;
Yet wyll I never yelde me to the,
Whyll I may stonde and fyght."100
Wyth swordes scharpe and long;
Ych on other so faste they beette,
Tyll ther helmes cam in peyses dowyn.
I tell yow in thys stounde;
He smote the Dowglas at the swordes length,
That he felle to the growynde.
I tell yow in sertayne;110
To the harte he cowde hym smyte,
Thus was the Dowglas slayne.
With many a grevous grone;
Ther the fowght the day, and all the nyght,115
And many a dowghty man was slayne.
But styffly in stowre can stond,
Ychone hewyng on other whyll they myght drye,
Wyth many a bayllefull bronde.120
For soth and sertenly,
Syr James a Dowglas ther was slayne,
That daye that he cowde dye.
Grysely groned uppon the growynd;
Syr Davy Scotte, Syr Walter Steward,
Syr John of Agurstonne.
That never a fote wold flye;130
Sir Hughe Maxwelle, a lorde he was,
With the Dowglas dyd he dye.
For soth as I yow saye,
Of fowre and forty thowsande Scotts135
Went but eyghtene awaye.
For soth and sertenlye,
A gentell knyght, Sir John Fitz-hughe,
Yt was the more petye.140
For hym ther hartes were sore;
The gentyll Lovelle ther was slayne,
That the Percyes standerd bore.
For soth as I yow saye,
Of nyne thowsand Ynglyssh men
Fyve hondert cam awaye.
Cryste kepe their sowles from
Seying ther was so few fryndes
Agaynst so many a foo.
Of byrch, and haysell graye;
Many a wydowe with wepyng teyres155
Ther makes they fette awaye.
Bytwene the nyghte and the day:
Ther the Dowglas lost hys lyfe,
And the Percy was lede awaye.160
Syr Hughe Mongomery was hys name;
For soth as I yow saye,
He borowed the Percy home agayne.
To Jesu most of myght,
To bryng hys sowle to the blysse of heven,
For he was a gentyll knyght.