HISTORY OF ENGLAND

FROM

 

THE FALL OF WOLSEY

TO

 

THE DEATH OF ELIZABETH.

BY

JAMES ANTHONY FROUDE, M.A.
LATE FELLOW OF EXETER COLLEGE, OXFORD.



VOLUME II.

NEW YORK:
CHARLES SCRIBNER AND COMPANY.
1872.

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href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@29687@[email protected]#Page_78" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">78 Sir Thomas More as Chancellor 79 Contrast between Wolsey and More 88 Martyrdom of Bilney 89 Martyrdom of James Bainham 90 Feelings of the People 92 Pavier the Town Clerk 93 The Worship of Relics 94 Roods and Relics 95 The Rood of Dovercourt 96 The Paladins 97 Early Life of Latimer 98 He goes to Cambridge 100 Latimer's Education 101 His Fame as a Preacher 102 He is appointed Chaplain to the King 103 His Defence of the Protestants 104 He is cited before the Bishops 105 Latimer before the Bishops 106 Thomas Cromwell 109 Will of Thomas Cromwell 116     CHAPTER VII.   THE LAST EFFORTS OF DIPLOMACY.   Mary of Hungary 125 The King is cited to Rome 127 Clement refuses further Delay 128 Isolation of England 129 Henry urgent against the Interview 130 He appeals to a Council 132 Terms of the Appeal 134 Legal Value of the Appeal 136 Cranmer's Sentence known at Rome 137 Measures of the Consistory 138 Henry again calls on Francis 140 He will not surrender his Marriage 141 He will not repeal his Legislation 142 He urges the Rupture of the Interview 143 Recal of the Embassy 144

England and Germany 145 Birth of Elizabeth 149 Clement arrives at Marseilles 150 The Interview 151 Bonner at Marseilles 152 Bonner and the Pope 153 The Pope rejects the Appeal 157 Proposal for a Court to sit at Cambray 158 Francis implores Henry to consent 159 Henry refuses to revoke the Laws against the Papacy 160 State of England 162 The Princess Mary 165 Queen Catherine 168 The Nun of Kent 170 State of Feeling in England 178 Proposed Marriage of the Princess Mary 181 The Nun of Kent 183 Disgrace of Mary 184 The Countess of Salisbury 185 The Nevilles 187 General Superstition 191 Proposals for a Protestant League used as a Menace to Francis 192 The Protestant League 194 The Court of Brussels 196 Meeting of Parliament 197 Perils of the Reformation 198 Cromwell 199 Opening Measures 200 The Congé d'Élire 201 Abolition of Exactions 204 Closing Protest 205 Apology of Sir Thomas More accepted by the King 206 Obstinate Defence of Fisher 208 The Bill proceeds 209 Execution of the Nun 210 Her last Words 211 The Act of Succession 212 The first Oath of Allegiance

href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@29687@[email protected]#Page_216" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">216 Clement gives final Sentence against the King 218 Obscurity of the Pope's Conduct 222 Mission of the Duke of Guise 223 The French Fleet watch the Channel 224 The Commission sits to receive the Oath 225 More and Fisher 226 More before the Commission 227 He refuses to Swear 228 Debate in Council 229 The Government are peremptory 230 Concession not possible 231 Royal Proclamation 232 Circular to the Sheriffs 233 Death of Clement VII. 236     CHAPTER VIII.   THE IRISH REBELLION.   State of Ireland 237 The Norman Conquest 238 Absentees 239 The Norman Irish 241 Weakness of the English Rule 248 Distribution of the Irish Clans 249 The Irish Reaction 251 Condition of the People 253 English and Irish Estimates 254 Ireland for the Irish 255 Coyne and Livery 256 The Geraldines of Kildare 257 Deputation of Lord Surrey 261 Return of Kildare 265 Foreign Intrigues 266 Desmond intrigues with the Emperor 267 Geraldine Conspiracy 268 Kildare sent to the Tower 270 The Irish Rise 271 The Duke of Richmond Viceroy 272 Third Deputation to Kildare 273

Ireland in its Ideal State 274 New Aspects of Irish Rebellion 275 Ireland and the Papacy 276 Kildare is sent to the Tower 277 Desmond and the Emperor 278 Corny O'Brien 279 The Holy War of the Geraldines 280 General Rebellion 281 Siege of Dublin 282 Murder of Archbishop Allen 284 Fitzgerald writes to the Pope 285 Dublin saved by the Earl of Ormond 286 A Truce agreed to 287 Delay of the English Deputy 288 Ormond again saves Dublin 289 The Deputy sails from Beaumaris 290 Mismanagement of Skeffington 291 Delay and Incapacity 292 Burning of Trim and Dunboyne 293 Skeffington will not move 294 General Despondency 295 Disorganization of the English Army 296 The Campaign opens 297 Siege of Maynooth 298 Storming of the Castle 299 The Pardon of Maynooth 300 The Rebellion collapses 301 Lord Leonard Grey 302 Fitzgerald surrenders 303 Dilemma of the Government 304 Execution of Fitzgerald 305 End of the Rebellion 306     CHAPTER IX.   THE CATHOLIC MARTYRS.   State of England in 1534 307 Temper of the Clergy 308 Order for Preaching 310 Secret Disaffection among the Clergy

class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">312 The Confessional 313 Treasonable Intrigues 317 Catholic Treasons 318 Persecuting Laws against the Catholics 319 The Act of Supremacy 322 The Oath of Allegiance 326 Election of Paul the Third 328 Anxiety of the Emperor 330 Proposals for a Catholic Coalition 331 Counter-Overtures of Francis to Henry 332 Attitude of Henry 333 Distrust of France 335 England and the Papacy 336 The Penal Laws 337 The Battle of the Faiths 338 The Charterhouse Monks 339 The Anabaptist Martyrs 357 Fisher and More 359 Fisher named Cardinal 364 The Pope condescends to Falsehood 365 Fisher Tried and Sentenced 366 Execution of Fisher 367 Sir Thomas More 368 Effect upon Europe 377 Letter to Cassalis 382 Reply of the Pope 385 Bull of Deposition 386 Intrigues of Francis in Germany 388 England and Germany 390     CHAPTER X.   THE VISITATION OF THE MONASTERIES.   Visitation of the Monasteries 396 The Abbey of St. Albans 402 Commission of 1535 407 The Visitors at Oxford 409 Progress of the Visitors 413 Visit to Langden Abbey 415 Fountains Abbey

href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@29687@[email protected]#Page_417" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">417 The Monks at Fordham 419 The Monks of Pershore 421 Rules to be observed in all Abbeys 423 The Black Book in Parliament 427 Discussion in Parliament 429 Conflicting Opinions 431 Smaller Houses suppressed 433 The Protestant Bishops 435 State of London 437 The Vagrant Act 439 Remission of Firstfruits 440 Dissolution of Parliament 441 The Work accomplished by Parliament 442     CHAPTER XI.   TRIAL AND DEATH OF ANNE BOLEYN.   Death of Queen Catherine 443 Anne Boleyn 446 Anne Boleyn committed to the Tower 454 The Tower 457 Cranmer's Letter to the King 459 Cranmer's Postscript 461 Preparations for the Trial 468 True Bills found by the Grand Juries 469 The Indictment 470 The Trials 476 The opposite Probabilities 480 Execution of the five Gentlemen 483 The Divorce 484 The Execution 486 The Succession 488 The King's Third Marriage 490 Opinions of Foreign Courts 491 Meeting of Parliament 492 Speech of the Lord Chancellor 493 Second Act of Succession 495

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CHAPTER VI.

THE PROTESTANTS.

Where changes are about to take place of great and enduring moment, a kind of prologue, on a small scale, sometimes anticipates the true opening of the drama; like the first drops which give notice of the coming storm, or as if the shadows of

the reality were projected forwards into the future, and imitated in dumb show the movements of the real actors in the story.