Proceedings of the Second National Conservation Congress at Saint Paul, September 5-8, 1910

---

BERNARD N. BAKER
Baltimore, Md.
President, Second National Conservation Congress

---

---

W. F. ROBERTS COMPANY
PRINTERS
WASHINGTON, D. C.

---

HON. J. B. WHITE
Kansas City, Mo.
Chairman, Executive Committee, Second National Conservation
Congress and Third National Conservation Congress

---

President
B. N. Baker, Baltimore

Executive Secretary
Thomas R. Shipp, Washington, D. C.

Secretary
L. Frank Brown, Seattle

Vice-Presidents
John Barrett, Washington, D. C.
James S. Whipple, Albany
E. J. Wickson, Berkeley
Alfred C. Ackerman, Athens, Ga.
Henry A. Barker, Providence

Executive Committee
J. B. White, Kansas City, Mo., Chairman
B. N. Baker, Baltimore
J. N. Teal, Portland, Ore.
A. B. Farquhar, York, Pa.
L. H. Bailey, Ithaca
Thomas Burke, Seattle
Henry E. Hardtner, Urania, La.
W. A. Fleming Jones, Las Cruces
Mrs Philip N. Moore, Saint Louis
Mrs J. Ellen Foster, Washington, D. C.

Local Board of Managers for the Saint Paul Congress
Hon. A. O. Eberhart, Chairman
Frank B. Kellogg, Vice-Chairman
J. S. Bell, Minneapolis
H. A. Tuttle, Minneapolis
George M. Gillette, Minneapolis
B. F. Nelson, Minneapolis
L. S. Donaldson, Minneapolis
Joseph H. Beek, Saint Paul
George H. Prince, Saint Paul
Reuben Warner, Saint Paul
Paul W. Doty, Saint Paul
Theodore W. Griggs, Saint Paul
W. C. Handy, Secretary

---

President
Henry Wallace, Des Moines

Executive Secretary
Thomas R. Shipp, Washington, D. C.

Treasurer
D. Austin Latchaw, Kansas City, Mo.

Recording Secretary
James C. Gipe, Clarks, La.

Executive Committee
J. B. White, Kansas City, Mo., Chairman
B. N. Baker, Baltimore
L. H. Bailey, Ithaca
James R. Garfield, Cleveland
Frank C. Goudy, Denver
W. A. Fleming Jones, Las Cruces
Mrs Philip N. Moore, Saint Louis
Walter H. Page, New York
George C. Pardee, Oakland, Cal.
Gifford Pinchot, Washington, D. C.
J. N. Teal, Portland, Ore.
E. L. Worsham, Atlanta

Vice-Presidents

Alabama, Hon. Albert P. Bush, Mobile; Alaska, Hon. James Wickersham, Fairbanks; Arizona, B. A. Fowler, Phenix; Arkansas, A. H. Purdue, Fayetteville; California, E. H. Cox, San Francisco; Colorado, Murdo Mackenzie, Trinidad; Columbia (District of), W J McGee, Washington; Connecticut, Rollin S. Woodruff, Hartford; Delaware, Hon. George Gray, Wilmington; Florida, Cromwell Gibbons, Jacksonville; Georgia, Hon. Jno. C. Hart, Union Point; Hawaii, Mrs Margaret R. Knudsen, Kanai; Idaho, James A. MacLean, University of Idaho; Illinois, Julius Rosenwald, Chicago; Indiana, F. J. Breeze, Lafayette; Iowa, Carl Leopold, Burlington; Kansas, W. R. Stubbs, Topeka; Kentucky, James K. Patterson, Lexington; Louisiana, Newton C. Blanchard, Shreveport; Maine, Bert M. Fernald, Augusta; Maryland, William Bullock Clark, Baltimore; Massachusetts, Frank W. Rane, Boston; Michigan, J. L. Snyder, Lansing; Minnesota, Ambrose Tighe, Saint Paul; Mississippi, A. W. Shands, Sardis; Missouri, Hermann Von Schrenk, Saint Louis; Montana, E. L. Norris, Helena; Nebraska, Dr F. A. Long, Madison; Nevada, Senator Francis G. Newlands, Reno; New Hampshire, George B. Leighton, Monadnock; New Jersey, Charles Lathrop Pack, Lakewood; New Mexico, W. A. Fleming Jones, Las Cruces; New York, R. A. Pearson, Albany; North Carolina, T. Gilbert Pearson, Greensboro; North Dakota, U. G. Larimore, Larimore; Ohio, James R. Garfield, Cleveland; Oklahoma, Benj. Martin, Jr., Muskogee; Oregon, J. N. Teal, Portland; Pennsylvania, William S. Harvey, Philadelphia; Philippine Islands, Maj. George P. Ahern, Manila;

class="smcap">Porto Rico, Hon. Walter K. Landis, San Juan; Rhode Island, Henry A. Barker, Providence; South Carolina, E. J. Watson, Columbia; South Dakota, Ellwood C. Perisho, Vermillion; Tennessee, Herman Suter, Nashville; Texas, W. Goodrich Jones, Temple; Utah, Harden Bennion, Salt Lake City; Vermont, Fletcher D. Proctor, Proctor; Virginia, A. R. Turnbull, Norfolk; Washington, M. E. Hay, Olympia; West Virginia, A. B. Fleming, Fairmont; Wisconsin, Charles R. Van Hise, Madison; Wyoming, Bryant B. Brooks, Cheyenne; National Conservation Association, Gifford Pinchot, Washington.

Standing Committees

Forests—H. S. Graves, U. S. Forester, Washington, D. C., Chairman; E. M. Griffith, Madison, Wis.; E. T. Allen, Portland, Ore.; J. Lewis Thompson, Houston.

Lands—Governor W. R. Stubbs, Topeka, Chairman; Dwight B. Heard, Phenix; J. L. Snyder, Lansing; Murdo Mackenzie, Trinidad; Charles S. Barrett, Union City, Ga.

Waters—W J McGee, Washington, D. C., Chairman; E. A. Smith, Spokane; Henry A. Barker, Providence; J. N. Teal, Portland, Ore.; Herbert Knox Smith, Washington, D. C.

Minerals—Charles R. Van Hise, Madison, Chairman; Joseph A. Holmes, Washington, D. C.; D. W. Brunton, Denver; John Mitchell, New York; I. C. White, Morgantown, W. Va.

Vital Resources—Dr William H. Welch, Baltimore, Chairman; Professor Irving Fisher, New Haven; Dr H. W. Wiley, Washington, D. C.; Dr J. H. Kellogg, Battle Creek, Mich.; Walter H. Page, New York.

---

HENRY WALLACE
Des Moines, Iowa
President, Third National Conservation Congress

---

Constitution of the National Conservation Congress 79 Remarks by Director-General Barrett 80 Remarks by Governor Stubbs 81 Invocation by Reverend Doctor Montgomery 81 Address by Ex-President Roosevelt 82 FOURTH SESSION 93 Address by Miss Boardman 94 Address by Commissioner Herbert Knox Smith 101 Modification of Credentials Committee 106 Address by Honorable James R. Garfield 106 Address by Ex-Governor Pardee 115 Remarks by Delegate Horr, of Washington 120 Address by Ex-Governor Blanchard 121 Address by William E. Smythe 127 Address by Walter L. Fisher 129 Address by Colonel James H. Davidson 132 FIFTH SESSION 134 Invocation by Bishop Edsall 134 Address by President Finley 135 Report of Credentials Committee 145 Address by Senator Beveridge 146 Response by Gifford Pinchot 152 Address by President McVey 152 Discussion by Chairman White 158 Address by Mrs Welch, of the General Federation of Women's Clubs 160 Address by Mrs Hoyle Tomkies, of the Women's National Rivers and Harbors Congress 163 Address by Mrs Sneath, of the General Federation of Women's Clubs 166 Report by Mrs Howard, of the Daughters of the American Revolution 167 SIXTH SESSION

href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@36031@[email protected]#Page_168" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">168 Induction of Senator Clapp as Chairman 168 Address by President Craighead 168 Postponement of Call of States 171 Address by D. Austin Latchaw 171 Address by James J. Hill 177 Discussion by Henry Wallace 188 Address by Secretary Wilson 194 Discussion by Representative Stevens 201 Address by Professor Bailey 203 SEVENTH SESSION 213 Address by Professor Graves 214 Address by Alfred L. Baker 222 Address by Frank H. Short 226 Address by Director-General Barrett 237 Address by Honorable Esmond Ovey 243 Action on time for election and report of Resolutions Committee 246 EIGHTH SESSION 246 Appointment of Nominating Committee 246 Induction of Governor Eberhart as Chairman 246 Address by Dean Wesbrook 247 Address by Wallace D. Simmons 257 Address by Commissioner Elmer E. Brown 264 Address by Mrs Scott, President of the Daughters of the American Revolution 270 Action in memory of Mrs J. Ellen Foster 276 Presentation by Mrs Howard to Gifford Pinchot 276 Response by Mr Pinchot 277 Address by Francis J. Heney 278 Address by Gifford Pinchot 292

align="left">Expression by Governor Eberhart 298 Statement by Professor Condra 298 CLOSING SESSION 299 Commencement of Call of States 299 Response by Delegate Harvey, of Pennsylvania 299 Interlude by E. W. Ross, of Washington 302 Report of Nominating Committee 303 Nomination by Chairman White 303 Second by Gifford Pinchot 304 Election of and response by Henry Wallace as President 305 Election of other Officers 306 Resolution of thanks to retiring President Baker 308 Response by Mr Baker 308 Report of Resolutions Committee 308 Adoption of Resolutions 312 Interlude by E. W. Ross, of Washington 312 Remarks by Delegate Horr, of Washington 313 Ratification of Vice-Presidents 313 Resolution in memory of Professor Green 313 Resumption of Call of States 314 Response by Delegate Purdue, of Arkansas 314 Response by Delegate Bannister, of Indiana 314 Response by Delegate Miller, of Iowa 314 Response by Delegate Young, of Kansas 314 Response by Delegate Baker, of Maryland 314 Response by Delegate Thorp, of Minnesota 315 Response by State Geologist Lowe, of Mississippi 315 Response by General Noble, of Missouri 315 Response by Chairman White

href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@36031@[email protected]#Page_316" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">316 Response by Professor Condra, of Nebraska 317 Response by a Delegate from New York 318 Response by Delegate Nestos, of North Dakota 318 Response by Delegate Krueger, of South Dakota 319 Remarks by Delegate Johns, of Washington 320 Privileged statement by Land Commissioner Ross, of Washington 322 Response by Delegate Fowler, of Arizona 324 Response by Delegate Hunt, of District of Columbia 324 Response by Delegate Barker, of Rhode Island 324 Response by Professor White, of West Virginia 325 Response by Delegate Worsham, of Georgia 325 Motion for adjournment by Delegate Martin, of Oklahoma 326 SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS 327 Laws that should be Passed, by Senator Francis G. Newlands 327 Conservation of the Nation's Resources, by Chairman J. B. White 328 Practical Aspects of Conservation, by A. B. Farquhar 331 Report from Arkansas, by Sid B. Redding 333 Report from Colorado, by Frank C. Goudy 334 Report from Florida, by Cromwell Gibbons 335 Report from Idaho, by Jerome J. Day 336 Report from Indiana, by A. E. Metzger 336 Report from Iowa, by A. C. Miller 337 Report from Louisiana, by Henry E. Hardtner 339 Report from Maine, by Cyrus C. Babb 341 Report from Massachusetts, by Frank William Rane and Henry H. Sprague 343 Report from Missouri, by Hermann von Schrenk 344 Report from Montana, by Rudolph von Tobel

href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@36031@[email protected]#Page_345" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">345 Report from New Mexico, by Colonel W. A. Fleming Jones 347 Report from New York, by J. S. Whipple 347 Special report from New York, by Henry H. Persons 352 Report from North Dakota, by Professor Waldron 362 Report from Ohio, by Professor Lazenby 364 Report from Oklahoma, by Benj. Martin, Jr. 365 Report from Oregon, by E. T. Allen 367 Report from Rhode Island, by Henry A. Barker 368 Report from South Carolina, by E. J. Watson 369 Report from South Dakota, by Doane Robinson 369 Report from Texas, by Will L. Sargent 370 Report from Utah, by O. J. Salisbury 372 Supplementary report from Utah, by E. T. Merritt 372 Report from Vermont, by George Aitkin 373 Report from Washington, by E. G. Griggs 375 Report from West Virginia, by Hu Maxwell 376 Report from Wisconsin, by E. M. Griffith 377 Report of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 379 Report of the American Automobile Association 380 Report of the American Civic Association 383 Report of the American Forestry Association 384 Report of the American Humane Association 385 Report of the American Institute of Architects 386 Report of the American Paper and Pulp Association 388 Report of the American Medical Association 389 Report of the American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association 392 Report of the American Railway Master Mechanics' Association 393 Report of

the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society 394 Report of the Association for the Protection of the Adirondacks 397 Report of the Carriage Builders' National Association 410 Report of the Delaware State Federation of Women's Clubs 411 Report of the Farmers' Union of America 411 Report of the General Federation of Women's Clubs 412 Report of the Lakes-to-Gulf Deep Waterway Association 413 Report of the League of American Sportsmen 415 Report of the National Board of Fire Underwriters 416 Report of the National Board of Trade 419 Report of the National Business League of America 420 Report of the Missouri Valley River Improvement Association 420 Report of the Upper Mississippi River Improvement Association 421 Report of the Washington State Federation of Labor 422 Report of the Western Forestry and Conservation Association 423 Report of the United Mine Workers 424 Timber Conservation, by George H. Emerson 424 Forests and Stream-Flow, by William S. Harvey 428 The Conservation of Minerals and Subterranean Waters, by George F. Kunz, Ph.D. 429 The Question of Land Titles, by Franklin McCray 430 INDEX 431

---

1. Gifford Pinchot, Vice-President (1910).
2. James R. Garfield, Vice-President (1910).
3. Henry A. Barker, Vice-President (1909-10).
4. A. B. Farquhar, Executive Committee (1909).
5. W. A. Fleming Jones, Vice-president (1910).
6. E. L. Worsham, Executive Committee (1910).
7. George C. Pardee, Executive Committee (1910).
8. J. N. Teal, Executive Committee (1909-10).
9. Walter H. Page, Executive Committee (1910).
10. L. H. Bailey, Executive Committee (1909-10).

---