SKETCHES

OF

CHURCH HISTORY.

From A.D. 33 to the Reformation.

BY THE LATE

Rev. J. C. ROBERTSON, M.A.

CANON OF CANTERBURY.

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PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE TRACT COMMITTEE.

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LONDON:
SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE,
NORTHUMBERLAND AVENUE, CHARING CROSS, W.C.
43, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C.
26, ST. GEORGE'S PLACE, HYDE PARK CORNER, S.W.
BRIGHTON: 135, NORTH STREET.
New York: E. & J. B. YOUNG & CO.
1887.

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href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@32483@[email protected]#CHAPTER_XX" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">St. John Chrysostom—Part I. 95   ""Part II. 100   ""Part III. 103   ""Part IV. 105 21. St. Augustine—Part I. 108   "Part II. 111   "Part III. (Donatism) 114   "Part IV." 118   "Part V." 120   "Part VI. (Pelagianism) 124   "Part VII." 127 22. Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon 128 23. Fall of the Western Empire 131 24. Conversion of the Barbarians—Christianity in Britain 133 25. Scotland and Ireland 136 26. Clovis 140 27. Justinian 142 28. Nestorians and Monophysites 144 29. St. Benedict—Part I. 147   "Part II. 150 30. End of the Sixth Century—Part I. 152   ""Part II. 154 31. St. Gregory the Great—Part I. 156   ""Part II. 159   ""Part III. 160   ""Part IV. 163   PART II.   1. Mahometanism—Image-worship 169 2. The Church in England 171 3. St. Boniface 173 4.

tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">Pipin and Charles the Great—Part I. 177   ""Part II. 179 5. Decay of Charles the Great's Empire 181 6. State of the Papacy 184 7. Missions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries 185 8. Pope Gregory VII.—Part I. 191   "Part II. 193   "Part III. 194   "Part IV. 196 9. The First Crusade—Part I. 198   "Part II. 201   "Part III. 204 10. New Orders of Monks—Military Orders 205 11. St. Bernard—Part I. 211   "Part II. 213 12. Adrian IV.—Alexander III.—Becket—The Third Crusade 214 13. Innocent III.—Part I. 217   "Part II. 220   "Part III. 223   "Part IV. 225 14. Frederick II—St. Lewis of France—Part I. 228   """Part II. 229   """Part III. 230 15. Peter of Murrone 232 16. Boniface VIII.—Part I. 235   "Part II. 236 17. The Popes at Avignon—The Ruin of the Templars—Part I. 239   """Part II. 241 18. The Popes at Avignon (continued) 245 19. Religious Parties 247 20.

href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@32483@[email protected]#CHAPTER_II_XX" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">John Wyclif 249 21. The Popes return to Rome 252 22. The Great Schism 254 23. John Huss 256 24. The Council of Constance—Part I. 258   ""Part II. 260   ""Part III. 261 25. The Hussites 263 26. Councils of Basel and Florence 265 27. Nicolas V. and Pius II. 268 28. Jerome Savonarola—Part I. 271   ""Part II. 273 29. Julius II. and Leo X. 275 30. Missions—The Inquisition 277     TABLE OF DATES.   PART I. A.D.   PAGE 33. Descent of the Holy Ghost on the Day of Pentecost 1 62. Martyrdom of St. James the Less 3 64. Persecution by Nero begins 2 68. Martyrdom of St. Peter and St. Paul 2 70. Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus 3 95. Persecution by Domitian 3 100. Death of St. John 5 116. Martyrdom of Ignatius 9 166. Martyrdoms of Justin and Polycarp 10-15 168. Montanus publishes his heresy 17 177. Persecution at Lyons and Vienne 15 190. Tertullian flourishes 18 202. Persecution by Severus begins 18 — Martyrdom of Origen's father 21 206. Martyrdom of Perpetua and her companions 18 248. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage 25

249. Persecution by Decius 23 251. Paul, the first hermit 60 — Troubles at Carthage—Novatian separates from the Church 27 253. Plague at Carthage 27 254. Death of Origen 24 — Disagreement between Cyprian and Stephen, bishop of Rome 29 257. Persecution by Valerian 29 258. Martyrdom of Cyprian 31 260. Conversion of the Goths begins 40 261. Valerian taken prisoner in Persia—Gallienus allows liberty to the Christians 32 270. Manes publishes his heresy 110 298. Diocletian requires soldiers, &c., to worship the heathen gods 33 303. The last general persecution begins 34 311. Separation of the Donatists from the Church 44, 116 313. End of the persecution—Constantine and Licinius give liberty to the Christians 38 314. Council of Arles about the affairs of the Donatists 117 319. Arius begins to publish his heresy 44 324. Constantine defeats Licinius, and declares himself a Christian 38 325. The First General Council held at Nicæa—Arius condemned—The Nicene Creed made 46 326. Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria 47 335. Council of Tyre 48 — Athanasius banished to Treves 49 336. Death of Arius 50 337. Death of Constantine 51 338. Athanasius restored to his see 52 341. Second banishment of Athanasius 52 343. Persecution in Persia 41 347. Revolt, defeat, and banishment of the Donatists 117 348. Ulfilas, bishop of the Goths 93 349. Second return of St. Athanasius 52 356.

tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">Third exile of Athanasius 53 — Death of Antony the hermit 61 361. Julian, emperor—Paganism restored 57 362. The Donatists recalled 120 — Athanasius restored, but again banished 56 — Attempt to rebuild the Temple of Jerusalem 57 363. Death of Julian 58 370. Basil, bishop of Cæsarea, in Cappadocia 68 372. Gregory of Nazianzum consecrated as bishop of Sasima 69 373. Death of Athanasius 59 374. Ambrose, bishop of Milan 73 378. Gregory of Nazianzum goes to Constantinople 69 379. Theodosius, emperor 70 380. Gregory, bishop of Constantinople—Death of Basil 70 381. Second General Council held at Constantinople—Gregory withdraws from his see 70 385. Execution of Priscillian 72 387. Baptism of Augustine 113 — Sedition at Antioch 97 390. Massacre at Thessalonica, and repentance of Theodosius 75 391. Destruction of the Temple of Serapis 78 395. Death of Theodosius 77 — Augustine, bishop of Hippo 114 397. Death of Ambrose 77 — Chrysostom, bishop of Constantinople 100 400. Pelagius teaches his heresy at Rome 124 403. Death of Telemachus at Rome 95 — Council of the Oak—Chrysostom banished and recalled 105 404. Chrysostom banished to Cucusus 106 407. Death of Chrysostom 107 409. The Romans withdraw from Britain 135 410. Rome taken by Alaric 93 — Pelagius and Celestius

in Africa 125 411. Conference with the Donatists at Carthage 122 412. Ninian, bishop of Whithorn 136 415. Councils in the Holy Land as to Pelagius 126 429. Pelagianism put down in Britain by German and Lupus 135 430. Death of Augustine 128 431. Third General Council held at Ephesus—Condemnation of Nestorius 129 432. Death of Ninian—Patrick goes into Ireland 136 449. Council, known as "The Meeting of Robbers," at Ephesus 129 — Landing of the Saxons in England 136 451. Fourth General Council held at Chalcedon—Condemnation of Eutyches 129 — Attila in France—Deliverance of Orleans 131 452. Attila in Italy 132 455. Rome plundered by Genseric 132 476. End of the Western Empire 133 464-519. Separation between the Churches of Rome and Constantinople 144 493. Death of Patrick 138 496. Conversion of Clovis 141 527. Justinian, emperor 142 529. The heathen schools of Athens shut up 143 — Benedict draws up his Rule for monks 149 541. Jacob, leader of the Monophysites 145 553. Fifth General Council held at Constantinople 145 565. Columba settles at Iona 139 — Death of Justinian 142 589. Third Council of Toledo—The Spanish Church renounces Arianism 134 — Columban goes into France 139 590. Gregory the Great, bishop of Rome 155 596. Mission of Augustine to England 163 597. Landing of Augustine in England—Conversion of Ethelbert 164 604. Deaths of Gregory and Augustine 166   PART II.  

class="ln">589-615. Missionary labours of St. Columban 205 612. Mahomet begins to publish his religion 169 627. Jerusalem taken by the Mussulmans 169 632. Death of Mahomet 169 635. Settlement of Scottish missionaries in Holy Island 172 664. Council of Whitby 172 724. Beginning of controversy as to images 170 732. Victory of Charles Martel over the Saracens 174 734. Death of the Venerable Bede 173 715-755. Missionary labours of St. Boniface 174 752. Pipin becomes king of the Franks 177 787. Second Council of Nicæa 180 794. Council of Frankfort 180 800. Charles the Great crowned as emperor 178 — (about) Forgery of Constantine's donation 192 814. Death of Charles the Great 181 826-865. Missionary labours of Anskar 187 846. (about) Forgery of the False Decretals 192 860-870. Conversion of Bulgarians, Moravians, Bohemians, &c. 185 912. Foundation of the Order of Cluny 206 962. Otho I., emperor 183 988. Conversion of Basil, great prince of Russia 188 999. Sylvester II., pope 184 994-1030. Conversion of Norwegians 189 1046. Council of Sutri 185 1048. Pope Leo IX.—Beginning of Hildebrand's influence over the papacy 193 1073. Hildebrand elected pope (Gregory VII.) 193 1074. Foundation of the Carthusian Order 207 1085. Death of Gregory VII. 197 1098. Foundation of the Cistercian Order 208 1099. Jerusalem taken in the First Crusade

class="rn">202 1113. Order of St. John (or Hospitallers) founded 209 1116. Order of the Temple founded 210 1123. Agreement between the pope and the emperor at Worms 198 1147-1149. The Second Crusade 213 1153. Death of St. Bernard 214 1154. Nicolas Breakspeare, an Englishman, chosen pope (Adrian IV.) 214 1170. Murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket 216 1189. The Third Crusade 217 1198. Innocent III. elected pope 218 1203. Constantinople taken by Crusaders 222 1208. England put under an interdict 219 1208-1229. War against the Albigenses 223 1215. Fourth Council of the Lateran—Innocent sanctions the Dominican and Franciscan Orders of Mendicant Friars 227 1240. First Crusade of St. Lewis 230 1270. Second Crusade and death of St. Lewis 231 1274. Second Council of Lyons 232 1294. Election of Pope Celestine V. 233 —— Election of Pope Boniface VIII. 235 1300. Boniface celebrates the first jubilee 235 1303. Death of Boniface 239 1310. The popes settle at Avignon 240 1312. Council of Vienne—The Order of the Temple dissolved 243 1377. Gregory XI. removes the papacy from Avignon to Rome 253 1378. Beginning of the Great Schism of the West 254 1384. Death of John Wyclif 251 1414-1418. Council of Constance 258 1415. Pope John XXIII. deposed 260 —— John Huss burnt by order of the Council 261 1417. Election of Pope Martin V., and end of the Schism 262 1418. Religious war of Bohemia breaks out 264 1431.

href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@32483@[email protected]#Page_265" class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">Council of Basel opened 265 1438. Council of Ferrara and Florence 267 1453. Constantinople taken by the Turks 268 1455. Invention of Printing 269 1464. Pope Pius II. vainly attempts a crusade 270 1498. Death of Savonarola 274 1503. Death of Pope Alexander VI. 275 1517. Appearance of Martin Luther as a reformer 276

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