SOURCES OF THE SYNOPTIC
GOSPELS
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SOURCES
OF THE
SYNOPTIC GOSPELS
BY
CARL S. PATTON
FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
COLUMBUS, OHIO
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF
LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND THE ARTS OF THE UNIVERSITY
OF MICHIGAN, FOR THE DEGREE OF
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
New York
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
LONDON: MACMILLAN & COMPANY, LIMITED
1915
All Rights Reserved
Copyright 1915 By
Carl S. Patton
Printed August, 1915
Composed and Printed By
The University of Chicago Press
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
PREFACE
The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to give some account of the investigations recently made in the Synoptic Problem, and the present status of scholarly opinion concerning it; secondly, upon the basis of such established results, to push the inquiry into certain items a step farther.
The first part of the work, including pages 3-120, tho largely occupied with results reached by many different scholars, and bringing the matter up to where the writer adds his own more personal contribution, is yet not a mere survey of results attained. The writer has expressed his own judgment freely thruout it, as to the merits of arguments of others, and as to the points involved in the discussion. But his more personal contribution lies in the analysis of the groundwork Q into the two recensions, Q Mt and Q Lk.
The one book constantly in the writer’s hands during the preparation of this study was A. Huck’s Synopse der drei ersten Evangelien.[1] Without some such parallel edition of the Greek Gospels constantly open before him, one can neither write nor read profitably upon the Synoptic Question. The question of originality, and of giving credit for arguments and suggestions derived from other students, in a study of this sort, is extremely difficult. In the minute comparison of passages in one Gospel with passages in another, many of the differences and resemblances noted are part of the working material of most writers upon the Synoptic Problem; when one has worked thru the analyses of other students, has made their results his own, and has also made his own observations upon the basis of them, it becomes almost impossible for him to say what part of the total result is due to himself and for what part he is indebted to others. The writer is more deeply indebted to Paul Wernle, Sir John Hawkins, and the authors of the Oxford Studies, than to anyone else. The latter book came out after this study had been completed but the results have been revised somewhat under its influence. I have attempted to give credit in footnotes for suggestions received from many sources, but many must have gone unnoticed.
I am under deep obligation to the kind friends who have encouraged and made possible the publication of this Study, particularly to Mr. William H. Murphy, of Detroit.
Carl S. Patton
First Congregational Church
Columbus, Ohio
August, 1914
CONTENTS
PART I: GENERALLY ACCEPTED RESULTS OF SYNOPTIC STUDY Chapter I: The Dependence of Matthew and Luke upon Mark PAGE The Framework of Mark in Matthew and Luke 3 Up to Luke’s “Great Omission” 3 Luke’s “Great Omission” and Beyond 7 Luke’s “Great Interpolation”: Its Content 8 The Jerusalem Narrative 10 The Story of the Passion 12 The Priority of Mark 13 Luke’s Great Interpolation: Its Non-Use of Mark 16 Chapter II: The Order of Mark’s Gospel Compared with That of Matthew and That of Luke Order of Mark in Matthew and Luke 19 Table I: Showing Changes Made by Matthew and Luke in the Order of Marcan Material 24 Deductions from the Table 28
PART I
ACCEPTED RESULTS OF SYNOPTIC STUDY