Transcriber’s Notes
Autograph letters and similar documents which were presented only as images in the original have been transcribed here, and can be found at the end of the text. The captions of those images will serve as links to their transcriptions.
The lists of Illustrations and Contents have several anomalous, though accurate, entries. For example, the section on the re-incorporation of the Red Cross, beginning on page 94, appears in the Contents between sections on p. 184 and p. 197, for no apparent reason. The reference has been placed in its proper position in the Contents. Also, please note that the entries in the Contents do not always refer to formal sections of the text. They sometimes direct one to a change of topic otherwise unmarked in the text itself.
Several of the photographs associated with the Spanish American War, which were included at the end of the volume on pp. 675 and 676, are listed in the Illustrations where their subjects would appear.
Illustrations have been moved to avoid breaking paragraphs. On occasion, they may appear out of the normal page order.
The opening of the section on General History is labeled “Chapter I”, the only use of that designation in the volume.
Footnotes have been consolidated at the end of the volume, and linked for convenient reference.
Please see the Transcriber Notes at the end of the text for more details about the preparation of this text.
From a portrait taken about 1875.
THE RED CROSS
IN PEACE AND WAR
By Clara Barton
AMERICAN HISTORICAL PRESS
1906
Copyright 1898, by Clara Barton
From the President of the United States
In his Message to Congress December 6, 1898.
It is a pleasure for me to mention in terms of cordial appreciation the timely and useful work of the American National Red Cross, both in relief measures preparatory to the campaigns, in sanitary assistance at several of the camps of assemblage, and, later, under the able and experienced leadership of the president of the society, Miss Clara Barton, on the fields of battle and in the hospitals at the front in Cuba. Working in conjunction with the governmental authorities and under their sanction and approval, and with the enthusiastic co-operation of many patriotic women and societies in the various States, the Red Cross has fully maintained its already high reputation for intense earnestness and ability to exercise the noble purposes of its international organization, thus justifying the confidence and support which it has received at the hands of the American people. To the members and officers and all who aided them in their philanthropic work, the sincere and lasting gratitude of the soldiers and the public is due and freely accorded.
In tracing these events we are constantly reminded of our obligations to the Divine Master for His watchful care over us and His safe guidance, for which the nation makes reverent acknowledgment and offers humble prayers for the continuance of His favors.
Illustrations.
Clara Barton, from a portrait taken about 1875 Frontispiece. The International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva, Switzerland opp. 16 Clara Barton, taken about 1885 opp. 17 The First Red Cross Warehouse, Washington, D.C. 21 National Red Cross Headquarters in Washington, from 1892 to 1897 22 Some of the First Members of the American National Red Cross 43 A Group of American National Red Cross Members 44 A Group of American National Red Cross Members 55 Suburban Headquarters, American National Red Cross 56 Some Red Cross Decorations Presented to Clara Barton 83 Chronological Historic Tree 84 Clara Barton, taken about 1884 113 “Josh V. Throop” 114 Camp Perry 143 Red Cross HeadquartersContents.
PAGE To the People 13 Introduction 17 The Red Cross. General History 23 Organization and Methods of Work 27 Occupation in Times of Peace 29 Services in Time of War 30 Neutral Countries in Time of Peace 34 International Correspondence. M. Moynier’s First Letter 36 American Association of the Red Cross. Constitution and Original Incorporation 46–47 First International Conference 48 The Treaty of the Red Cross 57 Governments Adopting the Treaty 58 Address by Clara Barton 60 Action of the United States Government 72 The “Additional Articles” Concerning the Navy 74 International Bulletin, Extract from 77 Accession of the United States to the Treaty andTexas Famine 136 The Mount Vernon Cyclone 145 Yellow Fever Epidemic in Florida 147 The MacClenny Nurses 150
The Johnstown Flood 157 Arrival at Johnstown 158 Appointment of Committees 160 The Work of Relief 161 Farewell to Miss Barton 169 “The Dread Conemaugh” 170 In Memoriam 174
The Russian Famine 175 Count Tolstoi on the Character of the Peasants 176 Beginning of American Relief 177 Appreciation of American Sympathy 180 Dr. Hubbell’s Report 184
Sea Islands Hurricane 197 Coast of South Carolina
Armenia 275 Distance and Difficulties of Travel and Transportation 305 Funds 307 Committees 310 To the Press of the United States 313 To Contributors 313 To the Government at Washington 314 To Our Legation in Constantinople 314 To the Ambassadors of other Nations 315 Commendatory 315 “Marmora.” Poem by Clara Barton 319 Report of Financial Secretary 324 General Field Agent’s Report 334 Medical Report 350
The Spanish-American War 360 Home Camps and American Waters 361 The Central Cuban Relief Committee, Appointment of 362 The Red Cross Requested to Administer Relief in Cuba
Porto Rico 460 Report of Horace F. Barnes 460 Shipments by United States Transports 470 Relief Committee of New York, Report by 473 Women’s Auxiliaries of the Red Cross 491 “Women who went to the Field.” Poem by Clara Barton 509
Cuba and the Cuban Campaign 514 Havana 520 Los Fosos 521 The Orphanage 522 Destruction of the “Maine” 524 Jaruco
Reports. Report of Dr. A. Monae Lesser 587 Report of Financial Secretary, Mr. C.H.H. Cottrell 600 The Schooner “Mary E. Morse.” Distribution of Ice 624 Letter of Santiago Committee 637 Medical Report by E.W. Egan, M.D. 642 Clothing Department. Report by Miss Annie M. Fowler 656
The Red Cross of Other Nations 662 To the Congress of the United States. Address by Clara Barton 666 To the Committees on The Red Cross 674
To the Auxiliaries of the Red Cross and the Nurses Who Went to the War 677 Unwritten Thanks