TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

AMERICAN SOCIETY

OF

CIVIL ENGINEERS

(INSTITUTED 1852)

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VOL. LXVIII

SEPTEMBER, 1910

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Edited by the Secretary, under the direction of the Committee on Publications. Reprints from this publication, which is copyrighted, may be made on condition that the full title of Paper, name of Author, and page reference are given.

NEW YORK

PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY

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1910

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Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1910, by the American Society of Civil Engineers, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

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Note.—This Society is not responsible, as a body, for the facts and opinions advanced in any of its publications.

CONTENTS

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THE NEW YORK TUNNEL EXTENSION OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD

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Transcriber's Note: Click on the following links to Project Gutenberg™ to open each paper in a new window.

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MEMOIRS OF DECEASED MEMBERS

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This Volume and the succeeding Volume of Transactions (Vol. LXIX) will contain all the Papers descriptive of the New York Extension of the Pennsylvania Railroad. A general index covering both Volumes will be issued in Vol. LXIX.

Transcriber's Note: Click on the plate number or name to open a large view of the plate in a new window. Click on the paper number to open the paper in a new window. Click on the page number to open the paper in a new window and jump to the page indicated. (All links are to Project Gutenberg™.)

PLATES

target="_blank" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">III. Plan of Sunnyside Yard 1150 23 IV. View of Tunnel Under Part of Atlantic Avenue, Brooklyn, N.Y. 1151 37 V. New York Underground Railway Company: Section Through Surface and Underground Stations 1151 39 VI. Pennsylvania Railroad Extension: Map Showing Proposed Lines Leading to Those Finally Adopted 1151 45 VII. Plan, Profile, and Triangulation, North River Tunnels 1151 47 VIII. Typical Sections Between Manholes, Bergen Hill Tunnels 1151 51 IX. Map of Manhattan Island from Twenty-third to Fortieth Streets 1152 63 X. Manhattan Shaft, Lines A and B 1152 65 XI. Long Island Shaft, Lines A and B 1152 67 XII. Typical Tunnel Sections 1152 69 XIII. Plan and Profile, East River Tunnels 1152 71 XIV. Map and Profile, Cross-Town Tunnels 1152 73 XV. Plan and Profile of Lines A and B, and Sunnyside Yard 1152 74* XVI. Plan and Profile of the Pennsylvania Tunnel & Terminal R. R., from Harrison, N. J., to the Hudson River 1153 77 XVII. Plan of Harrison Yard 1153 79 XVIII. Details of Shelters and Platforms, Harrison Transfer Station 1153 81 XIX. Details of Shelters and Platforms, Harrison Transfer Station 1153 81 XX.a Fig. 1. Lift Rail and Locking Device for Hackensack River Draw-Bridge 1153 83 XX.b Fig. 2. Lift Rail and Locking Device for Hackensack River Draw-Bridge

tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">1153 83 XXI.a Fig. 1. Hackensack Portal, Bergen Hill Tunnels; Method of Using Cross-Section Rod; and Belt Conveyor for Handling and Placing Concrete 1154 85 XXI.b Fig. 2. Hackensack Portal, Bergen Hill Tunnels; Method of Using Cross-Section Rod; and Belt Conveyor for Handling and Placing Concrete 1154 85 XXI.c Fig. 3. Hackensack Portal, Bergen Hill Tunnels; Method of Using Cross-Section Rod; and Belt Conveyor for Handling and Placing Concrete 1154 85 XXI.d Fig. 4. Hackensack Portal, Bergen Hill Tunnels; Method of Using Cross-Section Rod; and Belt Conveyor for Handling and Placing Concrete 1154 85 XXII.a Fig. 1. Scaffold Car; Headhouse; and Round Holes in Concrete Forms 1154 87 XXII.b Fig. 2. Scaffold Car; Headhouse; and Round Holes in Concrete Forms 1154 87 XXII.c Fig. 3. Scaffold Car; Headhouse; and Round Holes in Concrete Forms 1154 87 XXII.d Fig. 4. Scaffold Car; Headhouse; and Round Holes in Concrete Forms 1154 87 XXIII. Record of Drilling, Air Pressure, Mucking, etc., in Bergen Hill Tunnels 1154 95 XXIV.a Fig. 1. Belt Conveyor for Handling and Placing Concrete; Water-Proofing, Portion of Completed Sand-Wall, etc.; and Methods of Placing Concrete in Forms and Bench-Walls 1154 119 XXIV.b Fig. 2. Belt Conveyor for Handling and Placing Concrete; Water-Proofing, Portion of Completed Sand-Wall, etc.; and Methods of Placing Concrete in Forms and Bench-Walls 1154 119 XXIV.c Fig. 3. Belt Conveyor for Handling and Placing Concrete; Water-Proofing, Portion of Completed Sand-Wall, etc.; and Methods of Placing Concrete in Forms and Bench-Walls 1154 119 XXIV.d Fig. 4. Belt Conveyor for Handling and Placing Concrete; Water-Proofing, Portion of Completed Sand-Wall, etc.; and Methods of Placing Concrete in Forms and Bench-Walls 1154 119 XXV.a Fig. 1. Telephone and Telegraph Ducts and Mandrels; Tunnel Lining Forms; Placing Water-Proofing; and Section of Completed Lining 1154 129 XXV.b Fig. 2. Telephone and Telegraph Ducts and Mandrels; Tunnel Lining Forms; Placing Water-Proofing; and Section of Completed Lining 1154 129 XXV.c Fig. 3. Telephone and Telegraph Ducts and Mandrels; Tunnel Lining Forms; Placing Water-Proofing; and Section of Completed Lining 1154 129

target="_blank" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">XXV.d Fig. 4. Telephone and Telegraph Ducts and Mandrels; Tunnel Lining Forms; Placing Water-Proofing; and Section of Completed Lining 1154 129 XXVI.a Fig. 1. Form of Circuit-Breaker Chamber and Traveling Gantry; Forms for Storage Chamber; Rock Packing Over Arches; Method of Water-Proofing in Timbered Tunnels, etc. 1154 137 XXVI.b Fig. 2. Form of Circuit-Breaker Chamber and Traveling Gantry; Forms for Storage Chamber; Rock Packing Over Arches; Method of Water-Proofing in Timbered Tunnels, etc. 1154 137 XXVI.c Fig. 3. Form of Circuit-Breaker Chamber and Traveling Gantry; Forms for Storage Chamber; Rock Packing Over Arches; Method of Water-Proofing in Timbered Tunnels, etc. 1154 137 XXVI.d Fig. 4. Form of Circuit-Breaker Chamber and Traveling Gantry; Forms for Storage Chamber; Rock Packing Over Arches; Method of Water-Proofing in Timbered Tunnels, etc. 1154 137 XXVII.a Fig. 1. Method of Placing Water-Proofing and Keying Arch; View of Completed Tunnel; General View of Completed Hackensack Tunnel and Arches Through Cut-and-Cover Section; and View of Hackensack Approach 1154 145 XXVII.b Fig. 2. Method of Placing Water-Proofing and Keying Arch; View of Completed Tunnel; General View of Completed Hackensack Tunnel and Arches Through Cut-and-Cover Section; and View of Hackensack Approach 1154 145 XXVII.c Fig. 3. Method of Placing Water-Proofing and Keying Arch; View of Completed Tunnel; General View of Completed Hackensack Tunnel and Arches Through Cut-and-Cover Section; and View of Hackensack Approach 1154 145 XXVII.d Fig. 4. Method of Placing Water-Proofing and Keying Arch; View of Completed Tunnel; General View of Completed Hackensack Tunnel and Arches Through Cut-and-Cover Section; and View of Hackensack Approach 1154 145 XXVIII. Plan and Profile of Parts of North River Tunnels 1155 153 XXIX.a Fig. 1. Weehawken Shaft; and Tunnel Shield Showing Hood 1155 159 XXIX.b Fig. 2. Weehawken Shaft; and Tunnel Shield Showing Hood 1155 159 XXX. Yard and Offices at Manhattan and Weehawken Shafts 1155 161 XXXI. Tunneling Shield 1155 167 XXXII. Thirty-Second Street Tunnels and Shield Chambers 1155 175 XXXIII. General Methods of Excavation Adopted for Land Tunnels 1155 177 XXXIV. Plan and Longitudinal Section of

Weehawken Tunnels 1155 193 XXXV.a Fig. 1. Apparatus for Cleaning and Rodding Electric Cable Ducts 1155 205 XXXV.b Fig. 2. Apparatus for Cleaning and Rodding Electric Cable Ducts 1155 205 XXXVI. Diagram Showing Lines and Grades in River Tunnel North 1155 229 XXXVII. Cross-Section of Subaqueous Tunnels Showing Reinforcement 1155 231 XXXVIII.a Fig. 1. Back of Shield in South Tunnel; and Rear View of Shield During Erection of First Ring of Iron Lining 1155 237 XXXVIII.b Fig. 2. Back of Shield in South Tunnel; and Rear View of Shield During Erection of First Ring of Iron Lining 1155 237

* Transcriber's note: 75 in original.

PLATE PAPER PAGE XXXIX.a Fig. 1. View of Meeting of Shields; and Lowering Segment into Tunnel Invert 1155 253 XXXIX.b Fig. 2. View of Meeting of Shields; and Lowering Segment into Tunnel Invert 1155 253 XL. Sections of Tunnel During Construction, Showing Shield, Air Locks, Platforms, Etc. 1155 255 XLI.a Fig. 1. Placing Key Segment; and Method of Grouting Outside Iron 1155 257 XLI.b Fig. 2. Placing Key Segment; and Method of Grouting Outside Iron 1155 257 XLII. Duct Bench Concrete Form in River Tunnels 1155 283 XLIII.a Fig. 1. End of Portable and Adjustable Forms for Building Side Bench; and Steel Rod Reinforcement in River Tunnels 1155 285 XLIII.b Fig. 2. End of Portable and Adjustable Forms for Building Side Bench; and Steel Rod Reinforcement in River Tunnels 1155 285 XLIV. Details of 20-Ft. Movable Form and Traveler for Concrete Arches 1155 287 XLV. Traveling Concrete Form for Face of Bench Walls 1155 291 XLVI.

tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">Mechanical Analysis of Sand Used in Mortar and Concrete 1155 297 XLVII.a Fig. 1. Views Showing Condition of Work at Site of Terminal Station 1156 307 XLVII.b Fig. 2. Views Showing Condition of Work at Site of Terminal Station 1156 307 XLVII.c Fig. 3. Views Showing Condition of Work at Site of Terminal Station 1156 307 XLVII.d Fig. 4. Views Showing Condition of Work at Site of Terminal Station 1156 307 XLVIII.a Fig. 1. Views Showing Excavation and Supports for Ninth Avenue Structures 1156 317 XLVIII.b Fig. 2. Views Showing Excavation and Supports for Ninth Avenue Structures 1156 317 XLVIII.c Fig. 3. Views Showing Excavation and Supports for Ninth Avenue Structures 1156 317 XLVIII.d Fig. 4. Views Showing Excavation and Supports for Ninth Avenue Structures 1156 317 XLIX.a Fig. 1. Views Showing Underpinning for Ninth Avenue Elevated Railway 1156 321 XLIX.b Fig. 2. Views Showing Underpinning for Ninth Avenue Elevated Railway 1156 321 XLIX.c Fig. 3. Views Showing Underpinning for Ninth Avenue Elevated Railway 1156 321 XLIX.d Fig. 4. Views Showing Underpinning for Ninth Avenue Elevated Railway 1156 321 L.a Fig. 1. Views Showing Condition of Work Between Ninth and Tenth Avenues, and Progress on Concrete Walls 1156 325 L.b Fig. 2. Views Showing Condition of Work Between Ninth and Tenth Avenues, and Progress on Concrete Walls 1156 325 L.c Fig. 3. Views Showing Condition of Work Between Ninth and Tenth Avenues, and Progress on Concrete Walls 1156 325 L.d Fig. 4. Views Showing Condition of Work Between Ninth and Tenth Avenues, and Progress on Concrete Walls 1156 325 LI.a Fig. 1. Views Showing Box Drains and Tie-Rods in Walls; the Completed Tenth Avenue Portal; and the Disposal Trestle 1156 333

tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">LI.b Fig. 2. Views Showing Box Drains and Tie-Rods in Walls; the Completed Tenth Avenue Portal; and the Disposal Trestle 1156 333 LI.c Fig. 3. Views Showing Box Drains and Tie-Rods in Walls; the Completed Tenth Avenue Portal; and the Disposal Trestle 1156 333 LI.d Fig. 4. Views Showing Box Drains and Tie-Rods in Walls; the Completed Tenth Avenue Portal; and the Disposal Trestle 1156 333 LII.a Fig. 1. Girders Under the Ninth Avenue Elevated Railroad; Method of Supporting Elevated Railway Columns; and View of Inside of Form for Walls, Showing Drains, Tie-Rods, Etc. 1156 335 LII.b Fig. 2. Girders Under the Ninth Avenue Elevated Railroad; Method of Supporting Elevated Railway Columns; and View of Inside of Form for Walls, Showing Drains, Tie-Rods, Etc. 1156 335 LII.c Fig. 3. Girders Under the Ninth Avenue Elevated Railroad; Method of Supporting Elevated Railway Columns; and View of Inside of Form for Walls, Showing Drains, Tie-Rods, Etc. 1156 335 LII.d Fig. 4. Girders Under the Ninth Avenue Elevated Railroad; Method of Supporting Elevated Railway Columns; and View of Inside of Form for Walls, Showing Drains, Tie-Rods, Etc. 1156 335 LIII. Pennsylvania Station, New York City; Plan Showing Area at Track Level 1157 341 LIV. Diagram Showing Widths of Base of Retaining Wall Required for Different Batters and Pressures, Pennsylvania Station 1157 349 LV.a Fig. 1. Material Trestle Over N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co.'s Tracks; and Construction of Pier No. 72, North River 1157 361 LV.b Fig. 2. Material Trestle Over N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co.'s Tracks; and Construction of Pier No. 72, North River 1157 361 LV.c Fig. 3. Material Trestle Over N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co.'s Tracks; and Construction of Pier No. 72, North River 1157 361 LVI.a Fig. 1. Material Trestle Showing First Chutes in Operation; and Views of East and West Pits at Terminal Site 1157 363 LVI.b Fig. 2. Material Trestle Showing First Chutes in Operation; and Views of East and West Pits at Terminal Site 1157 363 LVI.c Fig. 3. Material Trestle Showing First Chutes in Operation; and Views of East and West Pits at Terminal Site 1157 363 † LVII. Methods of Excavation, Cross-Town Tunnels, Manhattan 1158 393 LVIII.a

target="_blank" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">Fig. 1. Views of Parts of First Avenue Plant, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 395 LVIII.b Fig. 2. Views of Parts of First Avenue Plant, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 395 LVIII.c Fig. 3. Views of Parts of First Avenue Plant, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 395 LVIII.d Fig. 4. Views of Parts of First Avenue Plant, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 395 LIX.a Fig. 1. Methods of Tunneling, Timbering, and Lining, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 399 LIX.b Fig. 2. Methods of Tunneling, Timbering, and Lining, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 399 LIX.c Fig. 3. Methods of Tunneling, Timbering, and Lining, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 399 LIX.d Fig. 4. Methods of Tunneling, Timbering, and Lining, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 399 LX.a Fig. 1. Methods of Timbering and Underpinning, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 407 LX.b Fig. 2. Methods of Timbering and Underpinning, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 407 LX.c Fig. 3. Methods of Timbering and Underpinning, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 407 LX.d Fig. 4. Methods of Timbering and Underpinning, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 407 LXI. Sections Showing Method of Excavating and Timbering in Heavy Ground, Three-Track Tunnel; and Carriage Form for Side Walls, Cross-Town Twin Tunnels 1158 413 LXII.a Fig. 1. Methods of Water-Proofing and Concreting, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 417 LXII.b Fig. 2. Methods of Water-Proofing and Concreting, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 417 LXII.c Fig. 3. Methods of Water-Proofing and Concreting, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 417 LXII.d Fig. 4. Methods of Water-Proofing and Concreting, Cross-Town Tunnels 1158 417 LXIII. Methods of Excavation in All Rock, East River Tunnels 1159 423 LXIV.a Fig. 1. Tunneling in

Compressed Air, Air-Lock, Caisson, etc., East River Tunnels 1159 425 LXIV.b Fig. 2. Tunneling in Compressed Air, Air-Lock, Caisson, etc., East River Tunnels 1159 425 LXIV.c Fig. 3. Tunneling in Compressed Air, Air-Lock, Caisson, etc., East River Tunnels 1159 425 LXIV.d Fig. 4. Tunneling in Compressed Air, Air-Lock, Caisson, etc., East River Tunnels 1159 425 LXV.a Fig. 1. Shields Fitted with Sectional Sliding Hoods and Sliding Extensions and with Fixed Hoods and Fixed Extensions to Floors, East River Tunnels 1159 433 LXV.b Fig. 2. Shields Fitted with Sectional Sliding Hoods and Sliding Extensions and with Fixed Hoods and Fixed Extensions to Floors, East River Tunnels 1159 433 LXVI.a Fig. 1. Rear of Shield Showing Complete Fittings, and Shield with Lower Portion of Bulkhead Removed, East River Tunnels 1159 435 LXVI.b Fig. 2. Rear of Shield Showing Complete Fittings, and Shield with Lower Portion of Bulkhead Removed, East River Tunnels 1159 435 LXVII. Methods of Tunneling in Rock, East River Tunnels 1159 437 LXVIII. Operation of Shields, East River Tunnels 1159 439 LXIX. Operations in Shoving the Shield Forward in Rock and Sand, East River Tunnels 1159 441 LXX.a Fig. 1. Small Shaft, Breasting and Poling, Shutters on Front of Shield, and Hydraulic Erector, East River Tunnels 1159 443 LXX.b Fig. 2. Small Shaft, Breasting and Poling, Shutters on Front of Shield, and Hydraulic Erector, East River Tunnels 1159 443 LXX.c Fig. 3. Small Shaft, Breasting and Poling, Shutters on Front of Shield, and Hydraulic Erector, East River Tunnels 1159 443 LXX.d Fig. 4. Small Shaft, Breasting and Poling, Shutters on Front of Shield, and Hydraulic Erector, East River Tunnels 1159 443 LXXI. Operations in Shoving the Shield Forward in Sand, and Final Breasting and Bulkheading, East River Tunnels 1159 445 LXXII. Method of Operating Shields in Soft Ground, East River Tunnels 1159 453 LXXIII.a Fig. 1. Reinforcement of Broken Plates, and Inflow of Soft Clay Through Shield, East River Tunnels

1159 455 LXXIII.b Fig. 2. Reinforcement of Broken Plates, and Inflow of Soft Clay Through Shield, East River Tunnels 1159 455 LXXIII.c Fig. 3. Reinforcement of Broken Plates, and Inflow of Soft Clay Through Shield, East River Tunnels 1159 455 LXXIII.d Fig. 4. Reinforcement of Broken Plates, and Inflow of Soft Clay Through Shield, East River Tunnels 1159 455 LXXIV. Methods of Placing Concrete Inside the Iron Tube, East River Tunnels 1159 475

† Transcriber's note: This plate is not in the Project Gutenberg™ archive.