College—Taste for Philosophy—Training for Public Life—M.P. for Southampton—Speech on the Address—Appointed Governor of Jamaica.

CHAPTER II.

JAMAICA.

Shipwreck—Death of Lady Elgin—Position of a Governor in a West Indian
Colony such as Jamaica—State of Public Opinion in the Island—Questions
of Finance, Education, Agriculture, the Labouring Classes, Religion, the
Church—Harmonising Influences of British Connexion—Resignation
—Appointment to Canada.

CHAPTER III.

CANADA.

State of the Colony—First Impressions—Provincial Politics—'Responsible
Government'—Irish Immigrants—Upper Canada—Change of Ministry—French
Habitans—The French Question—The Irish—The British—Discontents; their
Causes and Remedies—Navigation Laws—Retrospect—Speech on Education.

CHAPTER IV.

CANADA.

Discontent—Rebellion Losses Bill—Opposition to it—Neutrality of the
Governor—Riots at Montreal—Firmness of the Governor—Approval of Home
Government—Fresh Riots—Removal of Seat of Government from Montreal
—Forbearance of Lord Elgin—Retrospect.

CHAPTER V.

CANADA.

Annexation Movement—Remedial Measures—Repeal of the Navigation Laws
—Reciprocity with the United States—History of the Two Measures—Duty of
Supporting Authority—Views on Colonial Government—Colonial Interests the
Sport of Home Parties—No Separation!—Self-Government not necessarily
Republican—Value of the Monarchical Principle—Defences of the Colony.

CHAPTER VI.

CANADA.

The 'Clergy Reserves'—History of the Question—Mixed Motives of the
Movement—Feeling in the Province—In Upper Canada—In Lower Canada—Among
Roman Catholics—In the Church—Secularisation—Questions of Emigration,
Labour, Land-tenure, Education, Native Tribes—Relations with the United
States—Mutual Courtesies—Farewell to Canada—At Home.

CHAPTER VII.

FIRST MISSION TO CHINA—PRELIMINARIES.

Origin of the Mission—Appointment of Lord Elgin—Malta—Egypt—Ceylon
—News of the Indian Mutiny—Penang—Singapore—Diversion of Troops to
India—On Board the 'Shannon'—Hong-Kong—Change of Plans—Calcutta and
Lord Canning—Return to China—Perplexities—Caprices of Climate—Arrival
of Baron Gros—Preparation for Action.

CHAPTER VIII.

FIRST MISSION TO CHINA—CANTON.

Improved Prospects—Advance on Canton—Bombardment and Capture—Joint
Tribunal—Maintenance of Order—Canton Prisons—Move Northward—Swatow
—Mr. Burns—Foochow—Ningpo—Chusan—Potou—Shanghae—Missionaries.

CHAPTER IX.

FIRST MISSION TO CHINA—TIENTSIN.

Advance to the Peiho—Taking of the Forts—The Peiho River—Tientsin
—Negotiations—The Treaty—The Eight of Sending a Minister to Pekin
—Return southward—Sails for Japan.

CHAPTER X.

FIRST MISSION TO CHINA—JAPAN.

Embark for Japan—Coast Views—Simoda—Off Yeddo—Yeddo—Conferences—A
Country Ride—Peace and Plenty—Feudal System—A Temple—A Juggler
—Signing the Treaty—Its Terms—Retrospect.

CHAPTER XI.

FIRST MISSION TO CHINA—THE YANGTZE KIANG.

Delays—Subterfuges defeated by Firmness—Revised Tariff—Opium Trade—Up
the Yangtze Kiang—Silver Island—Nankin—Rebel Warfare—The Hen-Barrier
—Unknown Waters—Difficult Navigation—Hankow—The Governor-General
—Return—Taking to the Gunboats—Nganching—Nankin—Retrospect—More
Delays—Troubles at Canton—Return to Hong-Kong—Mission completed
—Homeward Voyage

CHAPTER XII.

SECOND MISSION TO CHINA—OUTWARD.

Lord Elgin in England—Origin of Second Mission to China—Gloomy
Prospects—Egypt—The Pyramids—The Sphinx—Passengers Homeward bound
—Ceylon—Shipwreck—Penang—Singapore—Shanghae—Meeting with Mr. Bruce
—Talien-Whan—Sir Hope Grant—Plans for Landing.

CHAPTER XIII.

SECOND MISSION TO CHINA—PEKIN.

The Landing—Chinese Overtures—Taking of the Forts—The Peiho—Tientsin
—Negotiations broken off—New Plenipotentiaries—Agreement made—Agreement
broken—Treacherous Seizure of Mr. Parkes and others—Advance on Pekin
—Return of some of the Captives—Fate of the rest—Burning of the Summer
Palace—Convention signed—Funeral of the murdered Captives—Imperial
Palace—Prince Kung—Arrival of Mr. Bruce—Results of the Mission.

CHAPTER XIV.

SECOND MISSION TO CHINA—HOMEWARD.

Leaving the Gulf—Detention at Shanghae—Kowloon—Adieu to China—Island
of Luzon—Churches—Government—Manufactures—General Condition—Island of
Java—Buitenzorg—Bantong—Volcano—Soirées—Retrospect—Ceylon—The
Mediterranean—England—Warm Reception—Dunfermline—Royal Academy Dinner
—Mansion House Dinner.

CHAPTER XV.

INDIA.

Appointed Viceroy of India—Forebodings—Voyage to India—Installation
—Deaths of Mr. Ritchie, Lord Canning, General Bruce—The Hot Season
—Business resumed—State of the Empire—Letters: the Army; Cultivation of
Cotton; Orientals not all Children; Missionaries; Rumours of Disaffection;
Alarms; Murder of a Native; Afghanistan; Policy of Lord Canning;
Consideration for Natives.

CHAPTER XVI.

INDIA.

Duty of a Governor-General to visit the Provinces—Progress to the North-
West—Benares—Speech on the Opening of the Railway—Cawnpore—Grand
Durbar at Agra—Delhi—Hurdwar—Address to the Sikh Chiefs at Umballa
—Kussowlie—Simla—Letters: Supply of Labour; Special Legislation;
Missionary Gathering; Finance; Seat of Government; Value of Training at
Head-quarters; Aristocracies; against Intermeddling—The Sitana Fanatics
—Himalayas—Rotung Pass—Twig Bridge—Illness—Death—Characteristics
—Burial-place.

MEMOIR

OF

JAMES, EIGHTH EARL OF ELGIN,

&c. &c.

CHAPTER I.

EARLY YEARS.

BIRTH AND PARENTAGE—SCHOOL AND COLLEGE—TASTE FOR PHILOSOPHY—TRAINING FOR PUBLIC LIFE—M.P. FOR SOUTHAMPTON—SPEECH ON THE ADDRESS—APPOINTED GOVERNOR OF JAMAICA.

[Sidenote: Birth and parentage.]

James, eighth Earl of Elgin and twelfth Earl of Kincardine, was born in London on July 20, 1811. His father, whose career as Ambassador at Constantinople is so well known in connection with the 'Elgin Marbles,' was the chief and