class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">^[39]

Period. Principal towns. Large towns. Small towns. Mainland rural districts. Insular rural districts. 1855-1861 -- -- -- 105.6 106.6 1862-1871 -- -- -- 105.9 105.6 1872-1881 105.0 105.6 106.1 105.3 108.0 1882-1891 105.1 105.6 105.5 105.5 108.7 1892-1901 104.7 104.6 104.9 105.2 107.1 Average 104.9 105.3 105.5 105.5 107.2

This would seem to bear out the theory that masculinity is affected by consanguineous marriage, for consanguineous marriage is more frequent in rural districts, and especially in insular rural districts. But unless consanguineous marriages can directly be shown to produce an excess of male births greater than the normal, such indirect evidence is valueless.

In the genealogical material previously considered, we have a sampling of the American population throughout its whole history, but the data so far collected are insufficient for more than an indication of what might be expected in further research along the same line. In the following table as before, the figures compiled from printed genealogies are separated from those obtained through correspondence and from miscellaneous sources. The "unrelated" marriages from genealogies, are marriages of brothers and sisters of the persons who have married first cousins, and their records were obtained from the same sources as those in the next previous category. The "children of first cousins" are the offspring of the first cousin marriages who married persons not related to themselves by blood. The last category includes distantly related marriages from correspondence and other sources and marriages between persons of the same surname whose relationship could not be traced.

TABLE XIII.
Marriages.	Number Fertile.	Sex of Children.			Masculinity.
		Male.	Female.	Unknown.
1st cousin. Gene.	125	318	314	40	101
Unrelated. Gene.	629	1561	1559	64	100
Ch. of 1st cousins. Gene.	170	402	375	48	107
Other cousin. Gene.	301	736	666	15	111
1st Cousin. Cor.	150	316	295	148	107
Ch. of 1st cousins. Cor.	124	192	164	214	111
Miscellaneous	88	210	205	50	102
Total	1587	3735	3578	578	104.4

It is of course impossible to explain all the ratios in this table. Much variation is here due to chance, and a few additional cases might appreciably change any of the ratios. It will be noticed, however, that the two categories whose masculinity is most similar (100 and 101), are derived from cases taken from the same families and from the same environment, and differing only in that the first is closely consanguineous while the second is not. The third and fourth groups, separated from the first two by at least a generation, and probably living in a different environment, differ greatly in masculinity from them. In the fourth group are included 1-1/2, second, third, and a few even more distant cousins, all more distantly related than first cousins, and taken from the same genealogies as these; yet the masculinity is much greater.

An analysis of the cases collected fifty years ago by Dr. Bemiss, of course without thought of masculinity, gives the following result:^[40]

TABLE XIV.
Marriage.	Sex of Children.			Masculinity.
	Number.	Male.	Female.
1st cousins and nearer	709	1245	1171	106.3
2d and 3rd cousins	124	264	240	110.0
All consanguineous	833	1509	1411	106.9
Unrelated	125	444	380	116.9

In the "Marriage of Near Kin," Mr. Huth gives a list of cases of consanguineous marriage collected by various persons from all over Europe.^[41] He is free to say that they are worse than useless for the purpose for which they were collected, that of determining whether or not such marriages produce degeneracy, but in so far as the sex of the children is concerned they would not be biassed.

TABLE XV.
Marriage.	Sex of Children.		Masculinity.
	Male.	Female.
1st cousins and nearer	165	164	100
More distant cousins	95	73	131

The unusual ratios are of course due principally to a "run of luck," and this table only shows that if consanguinity is a determining factor in sex, its influence is negligible when a small number of cases is considered. It is interesting accordingly to note that of 100 children of incestuous unions and from