symbolic model for communication (a primitive language).

One idea is that the increasing capacity of the brain to make long range image-models was a support to make also symbolic models. This idea cannot be supported, based on MDT.

Indeed, the drawings made by 5 to 12 year old children are rather primitive drawings. At such age, children have very few long-range models. But they are able to make and operate symbolic models, including languages to communicate with computers.

Thus, it seems that the long-range image models are not necessary to make symbolic models. Also, this supports the idea that the symbolic models are made by a special hardware.

The existence of a specialized hardware is based on the following:

There is an image model and the associated label-model (a word). The word has a definition (based on other words). It is clear that there must be a hardware to record the image-model and another (associated) hardware to record the definition. On level 4, the image model does not exist anymore.

If this new hardware should be build based on evolution, it is difficult to understand why we have no intermediate stages. The dolphins, which are considered as the most advanced animals, have no tendency to build symbolic models.

There are some experiments with monkeys, which can be understood as support that some monkeys are able to make symbolic models. Such cases can be generated by a software implementation of the function to build and operate symbolic models.

As we already know, a model in PSM is very efficient but it blocks the evolution (the model is transmitted unchanged or with small changes, from a generation to another). If an animal builds, e.g. by accident, an advanced model of interaction with the external reality, such a model cannot be transmitted to the next generation. Only if a hardware implementation exists, a new model will be transmitted to the next generation. This seems to be a big problem for the evolution of the beings.

Without a hardware implementation, the solution is to transmit such models based on education. If there were groups of monkeys which lived together for a very long time, then a good model could be transmitted from a generation to another by education. In this way, a hardware implementation is built up also if the time available is long enough.

After many generations of monkeys who are forced to build symbolic models, it is possible, theoretically, that some hardware occurs to support the symbolic model building. This could be the process that generated the human brain by an evolution process.

The main argument against evolution from animals to humans is the fact that the 2 years old children are able to build and operate symbolic models. At that age they haven't either enough long-range models to understand the external reality and they are not capable to build such models. The maturity of a human being is reached around the age of 18, and thus the facility to build symbolic models is clearly a hardware facility.

Conclusions: 1. Long-range image-models are not an explanation for the occurrence of symbolic models. 2. The symbolic-models could occur from image-models by a huge increase in the level of conceptualization in very special conditions (e.g. large groups of monkeys which live together for a very long time). 3. The symbolic-models are built and operated by a specialized hardware.

There are two possibilities: either evolution if statement 2 is valid or external intervention if not.