Transcriber's Note

This e-book includes a number of special characters and diacritics.

Characters:
  ə (schwa)
  œ (oe ligature)
  ð, þ, ȝ
(eth, thorn, yogh— used here to approximate Gaelic g)

Diacritics:
  ǧ (g with caron)
  á é ǽ (vowel with acute accent)
  ā ē ǣ (vowel with macron = long vowel)
  ă ĕ æ̆ (vowel with breve = short vowel)
  ę ǫ (vowel with ogonek)

Diacritics in combination:
  ā̆ ē̆ (breve and macron)
  ę̄ ę̆ (ogonek and macron or breve)

If these characters do not display properly, your computer may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts. As a first restort, try changing your browser's default font.
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Copyright 1900, Columbia University Press,
New York




Reprinted with the permission of the
Original Publisher, 1966

AMS PRESS, INC.
New York, N.Y. 10003
1966

Manufactured in the United States of America

Errata (Author's List with Transcriber's Additions)

Preface

Abbreviations: Primary Texts

Abbreviations: Reference Works

Abbreviations: Languages, Grammar

Note on Terminology

Author's Table of Contents

Footnotes

ERRATA.

P. vi, l. 10, for norrnøe, read norrøne.

P. viii, l. 5, for Wyntown, read Wyntoun and so elsewhere.

P. x, l. 11 from bottom, for Koolmann, read Koolman and so elsewhere.

P. xi, l. 1, for Paul, read Kluge; l. 2, for Hermann Paul, read Friedrich Kluge.

P. 5, l. 6 from bottom, for in York, read and York.

P. 13, last line, for or ǣ ę̄, read ǣ or ę̄.

P. 18, l. 3 from bottom, for Skaif, read Skæif.

P. 19, l. 13, for is to, read is to be.

P. 21, l. 10, for Fiad, read Faid.

P. 26, l. 2, aparasta should be aprasta.

P. 31, under Bront (See Skeat brunt) should be See Skeat brunt.

P. 32, under Byrd, for bōræ, read böræ.

P. 47, under Hansel, for Bruce, V, 120, Hansell used ironically means "defeat," read: Bruce, V, 120, hansell, etc.

P. 50, under Laike, for i-diphthong, read æi-diphthong.

P. 66, under Swarf, in the last line for O. Fr. read O. F.

P. 74, l. 19, for e to a, read e to æ.

[Transcriber's Note:
The above changes, listed in the printed book, have been made in the e-text and marked with popups like this.
In addition, all references to Paul's Grundriss, 2 Auflage, I Band have been regularized to P. G.² I to agree with the author's list of abbreviations, p. x.

The following apparent errors have not been changed but are noted here:

P. 5, last line, the form bỳr
  ?should be the form býr
P. 28 Bein, bene, bein: duplication.
P. 28 under Bing, Douglass
  ?should be Douglas.
P. 29 under Blout, blowt, Douglas, III, 76; II,
  ?should be Douglas, III, 76, 11.
P. 31 Brokit, Brukit: atypical capitalization.
P. 42 Frae, Frae: atypical capitalization.
P. 49 under Irking, Winyet, II, 76; I
  ?should be II, 76, 1.
P. 57 Roop and Stoop: atypical capitalization.
P. 69 under Skyle, Fer.
  ?should be Far.
P. 79 under ǣ, ǣ > e, e
  ?should be ǣ > a, e

End of Transcriber's Note.]

PREFACE.

This work aims primarily at giving a list of Scandinavian loanwords found in Scottish literature. The publications of the Scottish Text Society and Scotch works published by the Early English Text Society have been examined. To these have been added a number of other works to which I had access, principally Middle Scotch. Some words have been taken from works more recent—"Mansie Wauch" by James Moir, "Johnnie Gibb" by William Alexander, Isaiah and The Psalms by P. Hately Waddell—partly to illustrate New Scotch forms, but also because they help to show the dialectal provenience of loanwords. Norse elements in the Northern dialects of Lowland Scotch, those of Caithness and Insular Scotland, are not represented in this work. My list of loanwords is probably far from complete. A few early Scottish texts I have not been able to examine. These as well as the large number of vernacular writings of the last 150 years will have to be examined before anything like completeness can be arrived at.

I have adopted certain tests of form, meaning, and distribution. With regard to the test of the form of a word great care must be exercised. Old Norse and Old Northumbrian have a great many characteristics in common, and some of these are the very ones in which Old Northumbrian differs from West Saxon. It has, consequently, in not a few cases, been difficult to decide whether a word is a loanword or not. Tests that apply in the South prove nothing for the North. Brate rightly regarded leȝȝkenn in the Ormulum as a Scandinavian loanword, but in Middle Scotch laiken or laken would be the form of the word whether Norse or genuine English. Certain well-known tests of form, however, first formulated by Brate, such as ou for O. E. ea, or the assimilation of certain consonants apply as well to Scotch as to Early Middle English. The distribution of a word in English dialects