CHAPTER 1. EARLY LIFE OF COLUMBUS.
His Birth and Birth-place—His Early Education—His
experience at Sea-His Marriage and Residence in Lisbon—
His Plans for the Discovery of a Westward
Passage to the Indies

CHAPTER II. HIS PLANS FOR DISCOVERY.
Columbus Leaves Lisbon, and Visits Genoa—Visits Great
Spanish Dukes—For Six Years is at the Court of Ferdinand
and Isabella—The Council of Salamanca—His
Petition is at Last Granted—Squadron Made Ready

CHAPTER III. THE GREAT VOYAGE.
The Squadron Sails—Refits at Canary Islands—Hopes
and Fears of the Voyage—The Doubts of the Crew—
Land Discovered

CHAPTER IV.
The Landing on the Twelfth of October—The Natives and
their Neighbors—Search for Gold-Cuba Discovered
Columbus Coasts Along its Shores

CHAPTER V.
Landing on Cuba—The Cigar and Tobacco—Cipango and
the Great Khan—From Cuba to Hayti—Its Shores and
Harbors

CHAPTER VI.
Discovery of Hayti or Hispaniola—The Search for Gold—
Hospitality and Intelligence of the Natives—Christmas
Day—A Shipwreck—Colony to be Founded—Columbus
Sails East and Meets Martin Pinzon-The Two
Vessels Return to Europe—Storm—The Azores—
Portugal—Home

CHAPTER VII.
Columbus is Called to Meet the King and Queen—His
Magnificent Reception—Negotiations with the Pope and
with the King of Portugal—Second Expedition Ordered
—Fonseca—The Preparations at Cadiz

CHAPTER VIII.
The Second Expedition Sails From Cadiz—Touches at
Canary Islands—Discovery of Dominica and Guadeloupe
—Skirmishes with the Caribs—Porto Rico Discovered
—Hispaniola—The Fate of the Colony at La Navidad

CHAPTER IX.
The New Colony—Expeditions of Discovery—Guacanagari—
Search for Gold—Mutiny in the Colony—The
Vessels Sent Home—Columbus Marches Inland—
Collection of Gold—Fortress of St. Thomas—A New Voyage
of Discovery—Jamaica Visited—The South Shore
of Cuba Explored—Return—Evangelista Discovered
—Columbus Falls Sick—Return to Isabella

CHAPTER X. THE THIRD VOYAGE.
Letter to the King and Queen—Discovery of Trinidad and
Paria—Curious Speculation as to the Earthly Paradise
—Arrival at San Domingo—Rebellions and Mutinies in
that Island-Roldan and His Followers—Ojeda and
His Expedition—Arrival of Bobadilla—Columbus a
Prisoner

CHAPTER XI. SPAIN, 1500, 1502.
A Cordial Reception in Spain—Columbus Favorably
Received at Court—New Interest in Geographical
Discovery—His Plans for the Redemption of the Holy
Sepulchre—Preparations for a Fourth Expedition

CHAPTER XII. FOURTH VOYAGE.
The Instructions Given for the Voyage—He is to go to
the Mainland of the Indies—A Short Passage—Ovando
Forbids the Entrance of Columbus into Harbor
Bobadilla's Squadron and Its Fate—Columbus Sails Westward
—Discovers Honduras, and Coasts Along Its Shores
—The Search for Gold—Colony Attempted and Abandoned
—The Vessels Become Unseaworthy—Refuge at
Jamaica—Mutiny Led by the Brothers Porras—Messages
to San Domingo—The Eclipse—Arrival of Relief
—Columbus Returns to San Domingo, and to Spain

CHAPTER XIII.
Two Sad Years—Isabella's Death—Columbus at Seville—
His Illness—Letters to the King—journeys to Segovia
—Salamanca and Valladolid—His Suit There—Philip
and Juana—Columbus Executes His Will—Dies—His
Burial and the Removal of His Body—His Portraits—
His Character

THE LIFE OF

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS.

CHAPTER I. — EARLY LIFE OF COLUMBUS.

HIS BIRTH AND BIRTH-PLACE—HIS EARLY EDUCATION—HIS EXPERIENCE AT SEA—HIS MARRIAGE AND RESIDENCE IN LISBON—HIS PLANS FOR THE DISCOVERY OF A WESTWARD PASSAGE TO THE INDIES.

Christopher Columbus was born in the Republic of Genoa. The honor of his birth-place has been claimed by many villages in that Republic, and the house in which he was born cannot be now pointed out with certainty. But the best authorities agree that the children and the grown people of the world have never been mistaken when they have said: "America was discovered in 1492 by Christopher Columbus, a native of Genoa."

His name, and that of his family, is always written Colombo, in the Italian papers which refer to them, for more than one hundred years before his time. In Spain it was always written Colon; in France it is written as Colomb; while in England it has always kept its Latin form, Columbus. It has frequently been said that he himself assumed this form, because Columba is the Latin word for "Dove," with a fanciful feeling that, in carrying Christian light to the West, he had taken the mission of the dove. Thus, he had first found land where men thought there was ocean, and he was the messenger of the Holy Spirit to those who sat in darkness. It has also been assumed that he took the name of Christopher, "the Christ-bearer," for similar reasons. But there is no doubt that he was baptized "Christopher," and that the family name had long been Columbo. The coincidences of name are but two more in a calendar in which poetry delights, and of which history is full.

Christopher Columbus was the oldest son of Dominico Colombo and Suzanna Fontanarossa. This name means Red-fountain. He bad two brothers, Bartholomew and Diego, whom we shall meet again. Diego is the Spanish way of writing the name which we call James.

It seems probable that Christopher was born in the year 1436, though some writers have said that he was older than this, and some that he was younger. The record of his birth and that of his baptism have not been found.

His father was not a rich man, but he was able to send Christopher, as a boy, to the University of Pavia, and here he studied grammar, geometry, geography and navigation, astronomy and the Latin language. But this was as a boy studies, for in his fourteenth year he left the university and entered, in hard work, on "the larger college of the world." If the date given above, of his birth, is correct, this was in the year 1450, a few years before the Turks took Constantinople, and, in their invasion of Europe, affected the daily life of everyone, young or old, who lived in the Mediterranean countries. From this time, for fifteen years, it is hard to trace along the life of Columbus. It was the life of an intelligent young seaman, going wherever there was a voyage for him. He says himself, "I passed twenty-three years on the sea. I have seen all the Levant, all the western coasts, and the North. I have seen England; I have often made the voyage from Lisbon to the Guinea coast." This he wrote in a letter to Ferdinand and Isabella. Again he says, "I went to sea from the most tender age and have continued in a sea life to this day. Whoever gives himself up to this art wants to know the secrets of Nature here below. It is more than forty years that I have been thus engaged. Wherever any one has sailed, there I have sailed."

Whoever goes into the detail of the history of that century will come upon the names of two relatives of his—Colon el Mozo (the Boy, or the Younger) and his uncle, Francesco Colon, both celebrated sailors. The latter of the two was a captain in the fleets of Louis XI of France, and imaginative students may represent him as meeting Quentin Durward at court. Christopher Columbus seems to have made several voyages under the command of the younger of these relatives. He commanded the Genoese galleys near Cyprus in a war which the Genoese had with the Venetians. Between the