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قراءة كتاب Scientific American Supplement No. 822, October 3, 1891

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‏اللغة: English
Scientific American Supplement No. 822, October 3, 1891

Scientific American Supplement No. 822, October 3, 1891

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دار النشر: Project Gutenberg
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SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT NO. 822

NEW YORK, October 3, 1891

Scientific American Supplement. Vol. XXXII, No. 822.

Scientific American established 1845

Scientific American Supplement, $5 a year.

Scientific American and Supplement, $7 a year.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.
I. ANTHROPOLOGY.—The Study of Mankind.—A review of Prof. Max Muller's recent address before the British Association.
II. CHEMISTRY.—Standards and Methods for the Polarimetric Estimation of Sugars.—A U.S. internal revenue report on the titular subject.—2 illustrations.
The Formation of Starch in Leaves.—An interesting examination into the physiological role of leaves.—1 illustration.
The Water Molecule.—By A. GANSWINDT.—A very interesting contribution to structural chemistry.
III. CIVIL ENGINEERING.—Demolition of Rocks under Water without Explosives.—Lobnitz System.—By EDWARD S. CRAWLEY.—A method of removing rocks by combined dredging and ramming as applied on the Suez Canal.—3 illustrations.
IV. ELECTRICITY.—Electrical Standards.—The English Board of Trade commission's standards of electrical measurements.
The London-Paris Telephone.—By W.H. PREECE, F.R.S.—Details of the telephone between London and Paris and its remarkable success.—6 illustrations.
The Manufacture of Phosphorus by Electricity.—A new industry based on dynamic electricity.—Full details.
The Two or Three Phase Alternating Current Systems.—By CARL HERING.—A new industrial development in electricity fully described and graphically developed.—15 illustrations.
V. GEOGRAPHY AND EXPLORATION.—The Grand Falls of Labrador.—The Bowdoin College exploring expedition and its adventures and discoveries in Labrador.
VI. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.—Improved Changeable Speed Gearing.—An ingenious method of obtaining different speeds at will from a single driving shaft.—2 illustrations.
Progress in Engineering.—Notes on the progress of the last decade.
VII. MEDICINE AND HYGIENE.—Eyesight.—Its Care during Infancy and Youth.—By L. WEBSTER FOX, M.D.—A very timely article on the preservation of sight and its deterioration among civilized people.
The Use of Compressed Air in Conjunction with Medicinal Solutions in the Treatment of Nervous and Mental Affections.—By J. LEONARD CORNING.—The enhancement of the effects of remedies by subsequent application of compressed air.
VIII. MINERALOGY.—A Gem-Bearing Granite Vein in Western Connecticut.—By L.P. GRATACAP.—A most interesting mineral fissure yielding mica and gems recently opened.
IX. NATURAL HISTORY.—Ants.—By RUTH WARD KAHN.—An interesting presentation of the economy of ants.
X. NAVAL ENGINEERING.—Armor Plating on Battleships—France and Great Britain.—A comparison of the protective systems of the French and English navies.—5 illustrations.
The Redoutable.—An important member of the French Mediterranean fleet described and illustrated.—1 illustration.
XI. TECHNOLOGY.—New Bleaching Apparatus.—A newly invented apparatus for bleaching pulp.—2 illustrations.

THE REDOUTABLE.

The central battery and barbette ship Redoutable, illustrated this week, forms part of the French Mediterranean squadron, and although launched as early as 1876 is still one of its most powerful ships. Below are some of the principal dimensions and particulars of this ironclad:

Length 318 ft. 2 in.
Beam 64 ft. 8 in.
Draught 25 ft. 6 in.
Displacement 9200 tons.
Crew 706 officers and men.

THE FRENCH CENTRAL BATTERY IRONCLAD REDOUTABLE.
THE FRENCH CENTRAL BATTERY IRONCLAD REDOUTABLE.

The Redoutable is built partly of iron and partly of steel and is similar in many respects to the ironclads Devastation and Courbet of the same fleet, although rather smaller. She is completely belted

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