قراءة كتاب Spenser's The Faerie Queene, Book I
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beauty-loving temper of the Italian Renaissance. "Spenser is superior to his subject," says Taine, "comprehends it fully, frames it with a view to the end, in order to impress upon it the proper mark of his soul and his genius. Each story is modified with respect to another, and all with respect to a certain effect which is being worked out. Thus a beauty issues from this harmony,—the beauty in the poet's heart,—which his whole work strives to express; a noble and yet a laughing beauty, made up of moral elevation and sensuous seductions, English in sentiment, Italian in externals, chivalric in subject, modern in its perfection, representing a unique and admirable epoch, the appearance of paganism in a Christian race, and the worship of form by an imagination of the North."
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE
EVENTS IN SPENSER'S LIFE | A.D. | CONTEMPORARY EVENTS |
Birth of Edmund Spenser (about) | 1552 | Birth of Sir Walter Raleigh |
1553 | Death of Edward VI; Mary crowned. | |
1554 | Mary marries Philip of Spain. | |
1558 | Death of Mary; Elizabeth crowned. | |
1560 | Charles IX, king of France. | |
1568 | Council of Trent. | |
Visions of Bellay, published, | 1569 | |
Sonnets of Petrarch, published, | 1569 | |
Enters Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, | 1569 | |
1572 | Gregory XIII, Pope of Rome. | |
1572 | Massacre of St. Batholomew. | |
1574 | Henry III, king of France. | |
Received M.A., leaves Cambridge, | 1576 | Rudolph II, emperor. |
Leaves Lancashire, | 1578 | Elizabeth aids the Netherlands. |
Visits Lord Leicester, | 1579 | |
The Shepheards Calender, | 1579 | |
Goes to Ireland, | 1580 | Massacre of Smerwick. |
1581 | Tasso's Jersalem Delivered. | |
Lord Grey's return to England, | 1582 | |
1584 | Assassination of William the Silent. | |
1585 | Sixtus V, Pope. Drake's voyage. | |
1585 | Leicester goes to the Netherlands. | |
1586 | Death of Sir Philip Sidney. | |
First marriage (before) | 1587 | Execution of Mary Queen of Scots. |
Clerk to the Council of Munster, | 1588 | Defeat of Spanish Armada. Death of Leicester. |
Visits England with Raleigh, | 1589 | Assassination of Henry III; Henry IV crowned. |
The Faerie Queene,, Books I, II, III, | 1590 | Shakespeare's Love's Labour's Lost. |
Mother Hubberds Tale, Tears of the Muses, Ruines of Time, Daphnaida, The Visions, | 1591 | Shakespeare's Comedy of Errors, Henry VI. |
1591 | Ariosto's Orlando Furioso, trans. | |
1593 | Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream. | |
1593 | Richard III. | |
Second marriage, | 1594 | Shakespeare's Richard II |
Colin Clout's Come Home Again, | 1595 | Shakespeare's King John. |
Amoretti, Epithalamion, Hymns, | 1595 | Johnston's Seven Champions of Christendom. |
Astrophel, Prothalamion, | 1596 | Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice. |
The Faerie Queene, Books I-VI, | 1596 | Ben Jonson's Every Man in his Humour. |
Vision of the Present State of Ireland, | 1598 | Edict of Nantes, Philip III crowned. |
Death of Spenser, | 1599 | Revolt of Irish. Expedition of Essex to Ireland. |