قراءة كتاب Michelangelo A Collection of Fifteen Pictures and a Portrait of the Master, with Introduction and Interpretation
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Michelangelo A Collection of Fifteen Pictures and a Portrait of the Master, with Introduction and Interpretation
Rachel and Leah, is all that Michelangelo contributed to a work which had occupied his thoughts for nearly forty years. The setting of the Moses is in every way exceedingly unfavorable to a proper appreciation of the work.
[2] The Pope, Julius II., is buried at St. Peter's.
5. Holy Family, an oil painting belonging to the Florentine period 1501-1505, and painted for Angelo Doni. It is now in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence.
6. The Pietà, a marble group executed by the order of the Cardinal di San Dionigi according to a contract drawn up August 28, 1498. It was placed in the old basilica of St. Peter's (Rome), in a chapel dedicated to Our Lady of the Fever (Madonna della Febbre). In the present church of St. Peter's it occupies a side chapel, to which it gives its name, where it is placed so high that it is impossible to see it well, and where its beauty is disfigured by the bronze cherubs fastened above, holding a crown over the Virgin's head.
7. Christ Triumphant, a marble statue ordered by Bernardo Cencio (a canon of St. Peter's), Mario Scappuci, and Metello Varj dei Porcari for the church of S. Maria sopra Minerva, Rome, where it still stands. The deed was executed in 1514, specifying that the statue should be of marble, "life sized, naked, erect, with a cross in his arms." It appears from Michelangelo's correspondence that the work was finished by apprentices, first by Pietro Urbano, who did so badly that he was discharged and replaced by Federigo Frizzi. It was completed in 1521, when Michelangelo offered to make a new statue if it was not satisfactory. Varj, however, declared that the sculptor had "already made what could not be surpassed and was incomparable," so the statue was placed in position.
8-12. The Creation of Man, Jeremiah, Daniel, The Delphic Sibyl, the Cumæan Sibyl, frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, Rome, begun in 1508 at the order of the Pope Julius II. Michelangelo undertook the work reluctantly, as sculpture was his chosen art. The architect Bramante first made a scaffolding for the work, so clumsily constructed that Michelangelo replaced it by one of his own invention. Several Florentine painters were engaged as assistants, but, failing to satisfy the painter, returned. Julius II. often visited the chapel during the work, climbing to the scaffolding to see how it progressed. Impatient to see it, he gave orders to have the ceiling uncovered when but half finished. The first uncovering took place November 1, 1509. The work was completed October, 1512.
13-14. Lorenzo de' Medici, Tomb of Giuliano de' Medici, marble tombs first projected in 1520 or 1521, during the pontificate of Leo X. (formerly Giovanni de' Medici). The order was renewed by Clement VII., another Medici pope, in 1523. The work was carried on intermittently a number of years during which occurred the revolution, siege, and recapture of Florence. From 1530-1533 Michelangelo carried them to the point of completion in which they are now seen: they were never fully finished. The identity of the tombs was long a matter of doubt. Though Vasari had called the helmeted figure Lorenzo and the other Giuliano, there were critics, notably Grimm, who took the opposite view. In 1875 the sarcophagus of the helmeted figure was opened and evidence found proving it to be unquestionably the tomb of Lorenzo, as Vasari had said. Both tombs remain as originally placed in the new sacristy of the church of San Lorenzo, Florence.
15. Central Figures of the Last Judgment, a fresco painting on the wall of the Sistine Chapel, executed by the order of the Pope Paul III., who in 1535 appointed Michelangelo chief architect, sculptor, and painter at the Vatican. The work occupied several years and was completed in 1541.
IV. COLLATERAL READINGS FROM LITERATURE.
IN CONNECTION WITH THE SEVERAL WORKS HERE REPRESENTED.
The Madonna and Child and the Holy Family:—
The Latin hymn, Mater Speciosa, by Jacobus de Benedictis, translated by Dr. Neale.
David:—
Arthur Penrhyn Stanley. History of the Jewish Church, Part II. Lectures XXII.-XXV.: David.
Robert Browning. Poem, Saul.
Psalm Twenty-three.
Cupid:—
Richard Crashaw. Poem, Cupid's Cryer; out of the Greek.
Edmund Gosse. Poem, Cupido Crucifixus.
Moses:—
Arthur Penrhyn Stanley. History of the Jewish Church, Part I, Lectures V.-VIII.: Moses.
Mrs. A.D.T. Whitney. The Open Mystery: A Reading of the Mosaic Story, Part IV.
The Song of Moses: Deuteronomy, chapter xxxii.
The Prayer of Moses: Psalm Ninety.
Cecil Frances Alexander. Poem, The Burial of Moses.
Sonnet on the statue of Moses by Giovanni Battista Felice Zappi, translated by J.A. Symonds (in Life of Michelangelo Buonarotti).
The Pietà:—
Latin hymn, Stabat Mater, by Jacobus de Benedictis, translated by Lord Lindsay, by General Dix or by Dr. Coles.
Christ Triumphant:—
Henryk Sienkiewicz. Quo Vadis, chapter lxix.
Frescoes of the Sistine Chapel, general impressions:—
Symonds. Renaissance in Italy, volume on the Fine Arts, chapter viii.: Life of Michael Angelo.
Taine. Italy, book iii., chapter ix.: Michael Angelo.
Andersen. The Improvisatore, chapter xii.: Allegri's Miserere, in the Sistine Chapel.
The Creation of Man:—
Milton. Paradise Lost, book VIII., lines 500-528.
Jeremiah:—
Lucy Larcom. Poem, The Weeping Prophet.
Daniel:—
Sir Edwin Arnold. Poem, The Feast of Belshazzar.
The Delphic Sibyl:—
Lord Houghton. Delphi, a poem included in Longfellow's collection of Poems of Places, volume on Greece.
The Cumæan Sibyl:—
Virgil. Æneid, sixth book, translated by C.P. Cranch or by John Conington.
The Medicean Tombs, general impressions:—
Symonds. The Renaissance in Italy, volume on the Fine Arts, chapter viii.: Life of Michael Angelo.
Taine. Italy, book iii., chapter v.: The Florentine School of Art.
Mrs. Oliphant. The Makers of Florence, chapter xv.: Michael Angelo.
Rogers. Italy: poem on Florence.
Lorenzo de' Medici:—
Milton. Il Penseroso.
Tomb of Giuliano de' Medici:—
Charles Algernon Swinburne. Poem, In San Lorenzo.
The Last Judgment:—
The Latin hymn, Dies Irae, by Thomas de Celano, translated by General John E. Dix.
Alexander Dumas. Les Trois Maitres: Description of Last Judgment, translated by Esther Singleton in the compilation Great Pictures described by Great Writers.
The portrait of Michelangelo:—
C.P. Cranch. Michael Angelo Buonarotti, a poem read at a celebration of the 400th anniversary of his birth, included in Longfellow's collection of Poems of Places, volume on Italy.