[39]

Franklin's Tartar.

A Scarlet Bizarre Carnation.

N^o39

The Carnation here exhibited is a seedling raised by Mr. Franklin, of Lambeth-Marsh, an ingenious cultivator of these flowers, whose name it bears: we have not figured it as the most perfect flower of the kind, either in form or size, but as being a very fine specimen of the sort, and one whose form and colours it is in the power of the artist pretty exactly to imitate.

The Dianthus Caryophyllus or wild Clove is generally considered as the parent of the Carnation, and may be found, if not in its wild state, at least single, on the walls of Rochester Castle, where it has been long known to flourish, and where it produces two varieties in point of colour, the pale and deep red.

Flowers which are cultivated from age to age are continually producing new varieties, hence there is no standard as to name, beauty, or perfection, amongst them, but what is perpetually fluctuating; thus the red Hulo, the blue Hulo, the greatest Granado, with several others celebrated in the time of Parkinson, have long since been consigned to oblivion; and it is probable, that the variety now exhibited, may, in a few years, share a similar fate; for it would be vanity in us to suppose, that the Carnation, by assiduous culture, may not, in the eye of the Florist, be yet considerably improved.

To succeed in the culture of the Carnation, we must advert to the situation in which it is found wild, and this is observed to be dry and elevated; hence excessive moisture is found to be one of the greatest enemies this plant has to encounter; and, on this account, it is found to succeed better, when planted in a pot, than in the open border; because in the former, any superfluous moisture readily drains off; but, in guarding against too much wet, we must be careful to avoid the opposite extreme.

To keep any plant in a state of great luxuriance, it is necessary that the soil in which it grows be rich; hence a mixture of light-loam, and perfectly rotten horse or cow dung, in equal proportions, is found to be a proper compost for the Carnation. Care should be taken that no worms, grubs, or other insects, be introduced with the dung; to prevent this, the dung, when sifted fine, should be exposed to the rays of the sun, on a hot summer's day, till perfectly dry, and then put by in a box for use; still more to increase the luxuriance of the plants, water it in the spring and summer with an infusion of sheep's dung.

The Carnation is propagated by seeds, layers, and pipings; new varieties can only be raised from seed, which, however, is sparingly produced from good flowers, because the petals are so multiplied, as nearly to exclude the parts of the fructification essential to their production.

"The seed must be sown in April, in pots or boxes, very thin, and placed upon an East border.

"In July, transplant them upon a bed in an open situation, at about four inches asunder; at the end of August transplant them again upon another bed, at about ten inches asunder, and there let them remain till they flower: shade them till they have taken root, and in very severe weather in winter, cover the bed with mats over some hoops.

"The following summer they will flower, when you must mark such as you like, make layers from, and pot them." Ellis's Gardener's Pocket Calendar.

The means of increasing these plants by layers and pipings, are known to every Gardener.

Such as wish for more minute information concerning the culture, properties, divisions, or varieties, of this flower, than the limits of our Work will admit, may consult Miller's Gard. Dict. or the Florists Catalogues.

[40]

Trillium sessile. Sessile Trillium.

Class and Order.

Hexandria Trigynia.

Generic Character.

Cal. 3-phyllus. Cor. 3-petala. Bacca 3-locularis.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

TRILLIUM flore sessili erecto. Lin. Syst. Vegetab. p. 349.

PARIS foliis ternatis, flore sessili erecto. Gron. virg. 44.

SOLANUM triphyllum. Pluk. alm. 352. t. 111. f. 6. Catesb. car. t. 50.

N^o40

Of this genus there are three species, all of which are natives of North-America, and described by Miller, in his Gardener's Dictionary, where the genus is called American Herb Paris; but as the Paris and Trillium, though somewhat similar in the style of their foliage, are very different in their parts of fructification, we have thought it most expedient to anglicise Trillium, it being to the full as easily pronounced as Geranium, and many other Latin names now familiar to the English ear.

This species takes its' trivial name of sessile, from the flowers having no footstalk, but sitting as it were immediately on the end of the stalk.

The figure here exhibited was taken from a plant which flowered in my garden last spring, from roots sent me the preceding autumn, by Mr. Robert Squibb, Gardener, of Charleston, South-Carolina, who is not only well versed in plants, but indefatigable in discovering and collecting the more rare species of that country, and with which the gardens of this are likely soon to be enriched.

It grows in shady situations, in a light soil, and requires the same treatment as the Dodecatheon and round-leav'd Cyclamen. We have not yet had a fair opportunity of observing whether this species ripens its seeds with us: though of as long standing in this country as the Dodecatheon, it is far less common; hence one is led to conclude that it is either not so readily propagated, or more easily destroyed.

[41]

Calceolaria pinnata. Pinnated Slipper-wort.

Class and Order.

Diandria Monogynia.

Generic Character.

Cor. ringens inflata. Caps. 2-locularis, 2-valvis. Cal. 4-partitus æqualis.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

CALCEOLARIA pinnata foliis pinnatis. Lin. Syst. Vegetab. p. 64.

CALCEOLARIA foliis scabiosæ vulgaris. Fewill Peruv. 3, t. 12. fig. 7.