قراءة كتاب The Epic of Gilgamish A Fragment of the Gilgamish Legend in Old-Babylonian Cuneiform
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The Epic of Gilgamish A Fragment of the Gilgamish Legend in Old-Babylonian Cuneiform
href="@public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@18897@[email protected]#d0e432src" class="noteref pginternal" id="d0e432" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">8 Text ma?
9 ištanamma > ištilamma.
10 Cf. Code of Hammurapi IV 52 and Streck in Babyloniaca II 177.
11 Restored from Tab. I Col. IV 21.
12 Cf. Dhorme Choix de Textes Religieux 198, 33.
13 namaštû a late form which has followed the analogy of reštû in assuming the feminine t as part of the root. The long û is due to analogy with namaššû a Sumerian loan-word with nisbe ending.
14 Room for a small sign only, perhaps A; māi̭āk? For mâka, there, see BEHRENS, LSS. II page 1 and index.
15 Infinitive “to shepherd”; see also Poebel, PBS. V 106 I, ri-i̭a-ú, ri-te-i̭a-ú.
16 The text has clearly AD-RI.
17 Or azzammim? The word is probably an adverb; hardly a word for cup, mug (??).
18 it is uncertain and ta more likely than uš. One expects ittabriru. Cf. muttabrirru, CT. 17, 15, 2; littatabrar, EBELING, KTA. 69, 4.
19 For šapparu. Text and interpretation uncertain. uttappiš II² from tapāšu, Hebrew tāpaś, seize.
20 Text ta!
21 On ekēšu, drive away, see Zimmern, Shurpu, p. 56. Cf. uk-kiš Myhrman, PBS. I 14, 17; uk-ki-ši, King, Cr. App. V 55; etc., etc.
22 The Hebrew cognate of mašû, to forget, is našâ, Arabic nasijia, and occurs here in Babylonian for the first time. See also Brockelman, Vergleichende Grammatik 160 a.
23 Probably phonetic variant of edir. The preterite of edēru, to be in misery, has not been found. If this interpretation be correct the preterite edir is established. For the change r > l note also attalaḫ < attaraḫ, Harper, Letters 88, 10, bilku < birku, RA. 9, 77 II 13; uttakkalu < uttakkaru, Ebeling, KTA. 49 IV 10.
24 Also na-’-[ -]ma is possible.
25 The text cannot be correct since it has no intelligible sign. My reading is uncertain.
26 Text uncertain, kal-lu-tim is possible.
27 KAK-ši.
28 KAK-ši.
29 Literally nostrils. pitik apunnati-šu, work done in his presence(?). The meaning of the idiom is uncertain.
30 Text ZU!
31 Text has erroneous form.
32 Text PA-it-tam clearly!
33 Omitted by the scribe.
34 Sic! The plural of kakku, kakkîtu(?).
35 Cf. e-pi-ša-an-šu-nu libâru, “May they see their doings,” Maḳlu VII 17.
36 For šakin-šum.
37 On the verb nâku see the Babylonian Book of Proverbs § 27.
38 The verb la’āṭu, to pierce, devour, forms its preterite iluṭ; see VAB. IV 216, 1. The present tense which occurs here as iluṭ also.
39 Note BUL(tu-ku) = ratātu (falsely entered in Meissner, SAI. 7993), and irattutu in Zimmern, Shurpu, Index.
40 “For ipšaḫ.”
41 Sic! ḫu reduced to the breathing ’u; read i-ni-’u.
42 The tablet is reckoned at forty lines in each column,
Translation
1Gilgamish arose interpreting dreams,
2addressing his mother.
3“My mother! during my night
4I, having become lusty, wandered about
5in the midst of omens.
6And there came out stars in the heavens,
7Like a … of heaven he fell upon me.
8I bore him but he was too heavy for me.
9He bore a net but I was not able to bear it.
10I summoned the land to assemble unto him,
11that heroes might kiss his feet.
12He stood up before me1
13and they stood over against me.
14I lifted him and carried him away unto thee.”
15The mother of Gilgamish she that knows all things,
17“Truly oh Gilgamish he is
18born2 in the fields like thee.
19The mountains have reared him.
20Thou beholdest him and art distracted(?)
21Heroes kiss his feet.
22Thou shalt spare him….
23Thou shalt lead him to me.”
24Again he dreamed and saw another dream
25and reported it unto his mother.
26“My mother, I have seen another
27[dream. I beheld] my likeness in the street.
28In Erech of the wide spaces3
29he hurled the axe,
30and they assembled about him.
31Another axe seemed his visage.
32I saw him and was astounded.
33I loved him as a woman,
34falling upon him in embrace.
35I took him and made him
36my brother.”
37The mother of Gilgamish she that knows all things
38[said unto Gilgamish:—]
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COL. II
1that he may join with thee in endeavor.”