needed for these as he is in the use of his senses.

It is not true—though it is generally said—that a young child’s senses are quick.  This is one of the unverified ideas that commend themselves, one knows not why.  We have had experiments to compare the relative quickness of perception proved by men and women.  The same experiments with children would give curious results, but they can hardly, perhaps, be made, because the children would be not only slow to perceive but slow to announce the perception; so the moment would go by, and the game be lost.  Not even amateur conjuring does so baffle the slow turning of a child’s mind as does a little intricacy of grammar.

THE FIELDS

The pride of rustic life is the child’s form of caste-feeling.  The country child is the aristocrat; he has des relations suivies with game-keepers, nay, with the most interesting mole-catchers.  He has a perfectly self-conscious joy that he is not in a square or a suburb.  No essayist has so much feeling against terraces and villas.

As for imitation country—the further suburb—it is worse than town; it is a place to walk in; and the tedium of a walk to a child’s mind is hardly measurable by a man, who walks voluntarily, with his affairs to think about, and his eyes released, by age, from the custom of perpetual observation.  The child, compelled to walk, is the only unresting observer of the asphalt, the pavement, the garden gates and railings, and the tedious people.  He is bored as he will never be bored when a man.

He is at his best where, under the welcome stress and pressure of abundant crops, he is admitted to the labours of men and women, neither in mere play nor in the earnest of the hop-field for the sake of his little gains.  On the steep farm lands of the Canton de Vaud, where maize and grapes are carried in the botte, so usually are children expected in the field that bottes are made to the shape of a back and arms of five years old.  Some, made for harvesters of those years, can hold no more than a single yellow ear of maize or two handfuls of beans.  You may meet the same little boy with the repetitions of this load a score of times in the morning.  Moreover the Swiss mother has always a fit sense of what is due to that labourer.  When the plums are gathered, for instance, she bakes in the general village oven certain round open tarts across which her arm can hardly reach.  No plum tarts elsewhere are anything but dull in comparison with these.  There is, besides, the first loaf from the new flour, brown from the maize and white from the wheat.  Nor can a day of potato-gathering be more appropriately ended than with a little fire built afield and the baking of some of the harvest under the wood ashes.  Vintaging needs no praises, nor does apple-gathering; even when the apples are for cider, they are never acrid enough to baffle a child’s tooth.

Yet even those children who are so unlucky as never to have worked in a real field, but have been compelled to vary their education with nothing but play, are able to comfort themselves with the irregular harvest of the hedges.  They have no little hand in the realities of cultivation, but wild growths give them blackberries.  Pale are the joys of nutting beside those of haymaking, but at least they are something.

Harvests apart, Spring, not Autumn, should make a childhood of memories for the future.  In later Autumn, life is speeding away, ebbing, taking flight, a fugitive, taking disguises, hiding in the dry seed, retreating into the dark.  The daily progress of things in Spring is for children, who look close.  They know the way of moss and the roots of ivy, they breathe the breath of earth immediately, direct.  They have a sense of place, of persons, and of the past that may be remembered but cannot be recaptured.  Adult accustomed eyes cannot see what a child’s eye sees of the personality of a person; to the child the accidents of voice and look are charged with separate and unique character.  Such a sense of place as he got in a day within some forest, or in a week by some lake, so that a sound or odour can bring it back in after days, with a shock—even such a sense of single personality does a little watchful girl get from the accents, the turns of the head, the habits of the hands, the presence of a woman.  Not all places, nor all persons, are so quick with the expression of themselves; the child knows the difference.  As for places that are so loaded, and that breathe so, the child discerns them passionately.

A travelled child multiplies these memories and has them in their variety.  His heart has room for many places that have the spirit of place.  The glacier may be forgotten, but some little tract of pasture that has taken wing to the head of a mountain valley, a field that has soared up a pass unnamed, will become a memory, in time, sixty years old.  That is a fortunate child who has tasted country life in places far apart, who has helped, followed the wheat to the threshing-floor of a Swiss village, stumbled after a plough of Virgil’s shape in remoter Tuscan hills, and gleaned after a vintage.  You cannot suggest pleasanter memories than those of the vintage, for the day when the wine will be old.

THE BARREN SHORE

It may be a disappointment to the children each year at play upon so many beaches—even if they are but dimly aware of their lack—to find their annual plaything to be not a real annual; an annual thing, indeed, to them, for the arbitrary reason that they go down to it once a year, but not annual in the vital and natural sense of the seasons, not waxing and waning, not bearing, not turning that circle of the seasons whereof no one knows which is the highest point and the secret and the ultimate purpose, not recreated, not new, and not yielding to the child anything raw and irregular to eat.

Sand castles are well enough, and they are the very commonplace of the recollections of elders, of their rhetoric, and of what they think appropriate for their young ones.  Shingle and sand are good playthings, but absolute play is not necessarily the ideal of a child; he would rather have a frolic of work.  Of all the early autumn things to be done in holiday time, that game with the beach and the wave is the least good for holiday-time.

Not that the shore is everywhere so barren.  The coast of the Londoners—all round the southern and eastern borders of England—is indeed the dullest of all sea-margins.  But away in the gentle bays of Jersey the summer grows a crop of seaweed which the long ocean wave leaves in noble curves upon the beach; for under sunny water the storms have gathered the crops.  The Channel Island people go gleaning after the sea, and store the seaweed for their fields.  Thus the beaches of Jersey bays are not altogether barren, and have a kind of dead and accessory harvest for the farmer.  After a night of storm these crops are stacked and carted and carried, the sea-wind catching away loose shreds from the summits of the loads.

Further south, if the growth of the sea is not so put to use, the shore has yet its seasons.  You could hardly tell, if you did not know the month, whether a space of sea or a series of waves, at Aldborough, say, or at Dover, were summer or winter water; but in those fortunate regions which are southern, yet not too southern for winter, and have thus the strongest swing of change and the fullest pulse of the year, there are a winter sea and a summer sea, brilliantly different, with a delicate variety between the hastening blue of spring and the lingering blue of September.  There you bathe from the rocks, untroubled by tides, and unhurried by chills, and with no incongruous sun beating on your head while your fingers are cold.  You bathe when the sun has set, and the vast sea has not a whisper; you know a rock in the distance where you can rest; and where you float, there float also by you opalescent jelly-fish, half