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قراءة كتاب A Critical Exposition of the Popular 'Jihád' Showing that all the Wars of Mohammad Were Defensive; and that Aggressive War, or Compulsory Conversion, is not Allowed in The Koran - 1885

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A Critical Exposition of the Popular 'Jihád'
Showing that all the Wars of Mohammad Were Defensive; and
that Aggressive War, or Compulsory Conversion, is not
Allowed in The Koran - 1885

A Critical Exposition of the Popular 'Jihád' Showing that all the Wars of Mohammad Were Defensive; and that Aggressive War, or Compulsory Conversion, is not Allowed in The Koran - 1885

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دار النشر: Project Gutenberg
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A

CRITICAL EXPOSITION

OF THE

POPULAR "JIHÁD."

 

 

 

 

A

CRITICAL EXPOSITION

OF THE

POPULAR "JIHÁD."

SHOWING THAT

ALL THE WARS OF MOHAMMAD WERE DEFENSIVE; AND THAT
AGGRESSIVE WAR, OR COMPULSORY CONVERSION,
IS NOT ALLOWED IN THE KORAN.




WITH APPENDICES

PROVING THAT THE WORD "JIHAD" DOES NOT EXEGETICALLY MEAN
'WARFARE,' AND THAT SLAVERY IS NOT SANCTIONED
BY THE PROPHET OF ISLAM.



BY MOULAVI GHERÁGH ALI,
Author of
"REFORMS UNDER MOSLEM RULE,"
"HYDERABAD (DECCAN) UNDER SIR SALAR JUNG."





CALCUTTA:
THACKER, SPINK AND CO.


1885.







CALCUTTA:
PRINTED BY THACKER, SPINK AND CO.








NOTE.

I here take the opportunity of removing a wrong idea of the alleged injunction of the Prophet against our countrymen the Hindús. The Hon'ble Raja Sivá Prasad, in his speech at the Legislative Council, on the 9th March, 1883, while discussing the Ilbert Bill, quoted from Amir Khusro's Tarikh Alái that, "Ala-ud-dín Khiliji once sent for a Kází, and asked him what was written in the Code of Mehammadan law regarding the Hindús. The Kází answered that, the Hindús were Zimmis (condemned to pay the Jízya tax); if asked silver, they ought to pay gold with deep respect and humility; and if the collector of taxes were to fling dirt in their faces, they should gladly open their mouths wide. God's order is to keep them in subjection, and the Prophet enjoins on the faithful to kill, plunder and imprison them, to make Mussulmáns, or to put them to the sword, to enslave them, and confiscate their property....'" [Vide Supplement to the Gazette of India, April 21, 1883, page 807.]

These alleged injunctions, I need not say here, after what I have stated in various places of this book regarding intolerance, and compulsory conversion, are merely false imputations. There are no such injunctions of the Prophet against either Zimmis, (i.e., protected or guaranteed) or the Hindús.







TO
THE HONORABLE

SYED AHMED KHAN BAHADUR, C.S.I.,

THIS BOOK
IS, WITHOUT EVEN ASKING PERMISSION.
AND WHOLLY WITHOUT HIS KNOWLEDGE.


DEDICATED

AS A SLIGHT BUT SINCERE TESTIMONY OF ADMIRATION FOR HIS LONG
AND VARIOUS SERVICES IN THE CAUSE OF ISLAM
AND
IN RESPECT OF HIS RELIGIOUS AND SOCIAL REFORMS IN THE
MOSLIMS OF INDIA,
AND
OF GRATITUDE FOR MUCH PERSONAL KINDNESS AND FRIENDSHIP,
BY

THE AUTHOR.







Transcriber's Note:

All errata listed below have been corrected in the e-text. Mistakes not listed below have been left as they appeared in the printed book, although missing or misplaced punctuation marks have been corrected.

ERRATA.

Page Line For Read
 
v 21 them Omit
" 22 them it
xvii f.n. Maaddite Moaddite
xxxiv 21 Morra Murra
" 22 Soleim Suleim
xlii 9 Kauuka Kainuka
xliii 22 f.n. Mozeima Mozeina
xlv 25 Khusain Khushain
liv 1 Ban Bani
" 10 Ghassianide Ghassanide
lxxxviii 30 Khalips Khalifs
xci 30 Caliphater Caliphate
11 10 Kurzibn Kurz-ibn
18 9 God[2] God:
" " desist[3] desist
" 16 persecution persecution[2]
" 17 (fitnah (fitnah[3])
27 5 liberty and liberty, any of
" 6 brethern merely brethren, merely
" 6-7 such a manner such manner
" 8 Society or Society, or
" 9 of it materially of it, materially
" 12 deserve pity deserve only pity
34 6 Ibu Ibn
61 6 Rafi Rafe
72 24 ibu ibn
" 25 ibu ibn
73 4 bil bin
90 1 as stallions for breeding purposes
135 28 Durar Dinar
136 16 Sirni Sirin
192 1 Jihad does not mean
the waging of war
{Read this as a marginal gloss
" 3 Jahad Jahd.
" 14 Katal and Kital Read this as a marginal gloss.
" 20 Conclusion Ditto, ditto.




SUMMARY OF CONTENTS.

    Page.
Introduction i-civ
Note cv
Genealogical Table of the Arabs cvi-cvii


I. The persecutions suffered by the early Moslems 1-11
II. The Meccans or the Koreish 11-16
III. The defensive character of the wars of Mohammad 16-34
IV. The Jews 34-40
V. The Christians or Romans 40-41
VI. The intolerance 42-51
VII. The ninth chapter of Sura Barát 51-55
VIII. The alleged interception of the Koreish caravans by the Moslems 55-60
IX. The alleged assassinations by the command or connivance of Mohammad 60-76
X. The alleged cruelty in executing the prisoners of war 76-91
XI. Some miscellaneous objections refuted 91-114
XII. The popular Jihád or Crusade 114-161


Appendix A. The word Jihad in the Koran does not mean warfare 163-192
Appendix B. Slavery and concubinage not allowed by the Koran 193-223
Appendix C. Koranic references 225-227
Index 229-249





TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction
Paras. Page.
1. Object of the book i
2. Early wrongs of the Moslem; justification in taking up arms, if taken ii
3. Commencement of the war; the Koreish being public enemy were liable to be treated as such ib.
4. But the Moslems could not take up arms to redress their wrongs under certain circumstances iii
5. Moslems otherwise engaged at Medina had no intention of suffering the horrors of war by taking the initiative, but were in imminent danger from the enemy iv
6. The Koreish first attacked the Moslems at Medina. They could not forbear the escape of the Moslems v
7. Three battles waged by the Koreish against Mohammad—Badr, Ohad, and Ahzáb: these wars on the Moslem side were purely in defence, not waged even to redress their wrongs or re-establish their rights vii
8. The battle of Badr was defensive on the part of Mohammad. Reasons for the same viii
9. Mohammad at Medina, owing to the attacks, inroads, and threatening gatherings of the Koreish and other tribes, had hardly time to think of offensive measures xi
10. Armed opposition of the Koreish to the Moslem pilgrims from Medina in the vicinity of Mecca. The truce of Hodeibia public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@20927@[email protected]#Page_xv" class="pginternal"

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