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11. The Koreish again commit hostilities and violate their pledge. War declared against those who had violated the truce. War not carried out xvi 12. War with foes other than Koreish xviii 13. Expedition to Tabúk to check the advancing enemy. No war took place xix 14. Number of the wars of Mohammad much exaggerated: Ghazava defined; number of actual wars xx 15. The Revd. Mr. Green's remarks on the wars of Mohammad criticised xxiii 16. Another view of the wars of Mohammad xxviii 17. Caravans if waylaid were waylaid by way of reprisal xxx 18. Intolerance; no compulsory conversion enjoined or took place during Mohammad's lifetime:
Sir W. Muir quoted and refuted xxxi 19. A brief sketch of the propagation of Islam at Mecca:
Islam at Mecca;
Islam at Abyssinia;
Conversions at Nakhla xxxii 20. Rapid stride of Islam at Medina xxxvii 21. The increasing number of Moslem converts at Mecca after the Hegira xxxix 22. Disturbed state of the public peace among the tribes surrounding Medina. Internicine wars, an obstacle to the propagation of Islam xl 23. Sketch of the intertribal wars in Arabia during the lifetime of Mohammad xli 24. Spread of Islam in the surrounding tribes at Medina after the Hegira I—VI xliii 25. Mecca a barrier against the conversion of the Southern tribes xliv 26. Tribal conversions in the sixth year. Conversion among several other tribes of the North and North-east in A.H. VIII xlv 27. Surrender of Mecca, A.H. VIII xlvii 28. Mecca not compelled to believe ib. 29. The wholesale conversion of the remaining tribes, A.H. IX and X xlviii 30. The various deputations in the 9th and 10th year of the Hegira li 31. A list of the deputations of conversion received by Mohammad at Medina during A.H. IX and X li—lviii 32. All conversions, individual and tribal, were without any compulsion lix 33. Mohammad was not favoured with circumstances round him. The difficulty Mohammad encountered in his work. Marcus Dods quoted:
Dr. Mohseim's causes of the spread of Islam and Hallam quoted lx—lxv 34. Mohammad's unwavering belief in his own mission and his success show him to be a true prophet. Mohammad's efforts established monotheism in Arabia. His manly exertions, and his single handed perseverance. The business and office of a prophet described. Sir W. Muir and Stobart quoted lxv—lxix 35. The reforms of Mohammad, his iconoclastic policy. The redemption of Arabia from venal debauchery and infatuated superstition. Muir, Marcus Dods, Stephens quoted lxix—lxxvii 36. Indictment against Mohammad. His alleged cruelty and sensuality. Muir, Rev. Hughes, Marcus Dods, and Stanley Poole refuted lxxviii—lxxxvii 37. Objections to the (1) Finality of the social reforms of Mohammad, (2) positive precepts, (3) ceremonial law, (4) morality, (5) want of adaptability to the varying circumstances lxxxvii—lxxxix 38. All these objections apply rather to the teaching of the Mohammadan Common Law than to the Koran xc 39. (1) Finality of social reforms of Mohammad discussed. Intermediary not to be considered final xc—xcii 40. (2) Positive precepts and (3) ceremonial law, pilgrimage, Kibla, amount of alms, fasts, forms and attitude of prayer, &c.: pretentious prayers and ostentatious almsgiving xcii—xcvii 41. (4) The Koran, both abstract and concrete in morals xcvii—cii 42. (5) Adaptability of the Koran to surrounding circumstances cii—ciii 43. Suitability of the Koran to all classes of humanity ciii—civ Note cv Genealogical tables of the tribes mentioned in para. 31 of the Introduction cvi—cvii

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ALL THE WARS OF MOHAMMAD WERE DEFENSIVE.
I.—The Persecution.
1. The early persecution of Moslems by the people of Mecca 2 2. Notices of the persecutions in the Koran 4 3. Insults suffered by Mohammad 5 4. Historical summary of the persecutions 8 5. The Hegira, or the expulsion of the Moslems from Mecca 9 6. The persecution of the Moslems by the Koreish after their flight from Mecca 11
II.—The Meccans or the Koreish.
7. A Koreish chieftain commits a raid near Medina, A.H. 1 ib. 8. The Koreish march to attack Medina. Battle of Badr ib. 9. Attack by Abu Sofian upon Medina, A.H. 2 12 10. Battle of Ohad 12 11. Mohammad's prestige affected by the defeat ib. 12. Abu Sofian threatened the Moslems with another attack next year 13 13. The Koreish again attack Medina with a large army. Mohammad defends the city. The enemy retire. A.H. 5 14 14. Mohammad with his followers advanced to perform the lesser pilgrimage of Mecca. The Koreish oppose Mohammad, who return disappointed. The treaty of Hodeibia 15 15. Violation of the treaty by the Koreish and their submission