bullet—Lesions of the short and flat bones—Special character of the symptoms in gunshot fracture, and of the course of healing—Prognosis—Treatment—Special fractures—Upper extremity—Pelvis—Lower extremity154


CHAPTER VI

INJURIES TO THE JOINTS

General character—Vibration synovitis—Wounds of joints—Classification—Course and symptoms—General treatment—Special joints225


CHAPTER VII

INJURIES TO THE HEAD AND NECK

Anatomical lesions—Scalp wounds—Fracture of the skull without evidence of gross lesion of the brain—Fractures with concurrent brain injury—Classification—General injuries—Effect of ricochet—Vertical or coronal wounds in frontal region—Glancing or oblique wounds of any region—Gutter fractures—Superficial perforating fractures—Fractures of the base—Symptoms of fracture of the skull, with concurrent injury to the brain—Concussion—Compression—Irritation—Frontal injuries—Fronto-parietal and parietal injuries—Occipital injuries—Forms of hemianopsia—Abscess of the brain—General diagnosis—General prognosis—Traumatic epilepsy—General treatment—Wounds of the head not involving the brain—Mastoid process—Orbit—Globe of the eye—Nose—Malar bone—Upper jaw—Mandible—Wounds of the neck—Wounds of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea 241


CHAPTER VIII

INJURIES TO THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND SPINAL CORD

Fractures in their relation to nerve injury—Transverse processes—Spinous processes—Centra—Signs of fracture of the vertebra—Injuries to the spinal cord—Effects of high velocity—Concussion, slight, severe—Contusion—Hæmorrhage, extra-medullary, hæmatomyelia—Symptoms of injury to the spinal cord—Concussion—Hæmorrhage—Total transverse lesion—Diagnosis of form of lesion—Prognosis—Treatment314


CHAPTER IX

INJURIES TO THE PERIPHERAL NERVES

Anatomical lesions—Concussion—Contusion—Division or laceration—Secondary implication of the nerve—Symptoms of nerve injury—Traumatic neuritis—Scar implication—Ascending neuritis—Traumatic neurosis—Injuries to special nerves—Cranial nerves—Cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses—Cases of nerve injury—General prognosis and treatment 341


CHAPTER X

INJURIES TO THE CHEST

Non-penetrating wounds of the chest wall—Penetrating wounds, special characters of entrance and exit apertures—Fracture of the ribs, symptoms, treatment—Wounds of the diaphragm—Wounds of the heart—Wounds of the lung, symptoms—Pneumothorax—Hæmothorax— Empyema—Diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of hæmothorax—Cases of hæmothorax374


CHAPTER XI

INJURIES TO THE ABDOMEN

Introductory remarks—Wounds of the abdominal wall—Penetration of the intestinal area without definite evidence of visceral injury—Wounds of explosive character—Anatomical characters of intestinal wounds—Wounds of the mesentery—-Wounds of the omentum—Results of intestinal wounds, fæcal extravasation, peritoneal infection, septicæmia—Reasons for the escape of severe injury in wounds traversing the abdomen—Wounds of the stomach—Wounds of the small intestine—Wounds of the large intestine—Prognosis in intestinal injuries—Treatment of intestinal injuries—Wounds of the urinary bladder—Wounds of the kidney—Wounds of the liver—Wounds of the spleen—General remarks on the prognosis in abdominal injuries—Wounds of the external genital organs—Wounds of the urethra 407


CHAPTER XII

ON SHELL WOUNDS

Varieties of shells employed—Large shells—Wounds produced by different varieties—Pom-Pom shells—Wounds produced by fragments and fuses—Shrapnel— Boer segment shells—Leaden shrapnel bullets—Treatment of shell wounds474


Index of Contents487

ILLUSTRATIONS

PLATES

Varieties of Ammunition collected at LadysmithFrontispiece

1. Section of Mauser Aperture of Entry To face p. 73

2. Section of Mauser Aperture of Exit 76

3. Punctured Fracture of Clavicle162

4. Comminuted Fracture of Shaft of Humerus180

5. Comminuted Fracture of Humerus accompanied by an Explosive Exit182

6. Comminuted Fracture of Humerus due to Oblique Impact184

7. Same Fracture healed186

8. Low Velocity Fracture of Humerus