of the Kingdom of Saragossa . . . . . . . . . . 95
  Foundation of the Kingdom of Portugal . . . . . . . . . . 95
  State of the Fine Arts among the Moors at this Period . . 97
  Abenzoar and Averroes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
  Dissensions between the Moors and Christians . . . . . . . 98
  The Africans, under Mohammed the Green, land in Spain . 100
  Battle of Toloza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102-104
  Tactics of the Moors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
  The discomfited Mohammed returns to Africa . . . . . . . . 109
  Extent of the Territories still retained by the Moors
    in Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
  St. Ferdinand and Jaques I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
  Valencia is attacked by the Aragonians . . . . . . . . . . 113
  Siege of Cordova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
  Surrender of Valencia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

FOURTH EPOCH.

  The Kings of Grenada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
  The Condition of the Moors; their Despondency . . . . . . 118
  Mohammed Alhamar; his Character and Influence with his
    Countrymen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
  He founds the Kingdom of Grenada . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
  Description of the City of Grenada and its Vega . . . . 121
  Extent and Resources of this Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . 123
  Reign of Mohammed Alhamar I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
  The Moorish Sovereign becomes the Vassal of the King
    of Castile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
  Ferdinand III. besieges Seville . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
  The Taking of Seville . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
  Revenues of the Kings of Grenada . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
  Military Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
  Cavalry of the Moors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
{x}
  Disturbances in Castile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
  Reign of Mohammed II. El Fakik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
  He forms a League with the King of Morocco . . . . . . . . 134
  Misfortunes of Alphonso of Castile . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
  Interview between Alphonso and the Sovereign of Morocco . 134
  State of Learning and the Fine Arts under Mohammed al
    Mumenim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
  Description of the Alhambra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
  The Court of Lions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
  The Generalif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
  Mohammed III. El Hama, or the Blind, ascends the Throne
    of Grenada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
  Troubles in Grenada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
  Reign of Mohammed IV. Abenazar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
  Reign of Ismael . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
  Reign of Mohammed V. and of Joseph I. . . . . . . . . . . 152
  The Battle of Salado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
  Successive Reigns of Mohammed VI. and Mohammed VII. . . . 154
  Horrible Crime of Peter the Cruel of Castile . . . . . . . 150
  Condition of Spain—of Europe in general . . . . . . 156, 157
  Mohammed VI. reassumes the Crown . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
  Reign of Mohammed VIII. Abouhadjad . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
  Favourite Literary and Scientific Pursuits of the Moors
    under the munificent Rule of Abouhadjad . . . . . . . . 160
  Universal prevalence of a Taste for Fiction
    among the Arabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
  Music and Gallantry of the Moors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
  The mixture of Refinement and Ferocity in the Character
    of the Moors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
  Description of the Women of Grenada . . . . . . . . . . . 169
  The national Costume of both Sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
  Moorish Customs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
  Folly of the Grand-master of Alcantara . . . . . . . . . . 172
  The Result of his Expedition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
  Dreadful Death of Joseph II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
  Mohammed IX. usurps the Throne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
  Singular Escape of a condemned Prince . . . . . . . . . . 176
{xi}
  Generous Disposition of Joseph III. . . . . . . . . . . . 176
  Disturbed Condition of the Kingdom after his Death . . . . 177
  A rapid Succession of Rulers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177, 178
  Reign of Ismael II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
  The Miseries of War most severely felt by the Cultivator
    of the Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
  Mulei-Hassem succeeds Ismael II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
  Marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
  The respective Characters of these Sovereigns . . . . . . 181
  They declare War against the Grenadians . . . . . . . . . 182
  Statesmen and Soldiers of the Spanish Court . . . . . . . 182
  Stern Reply of the Grenadian King . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
  Alhama is Surprised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
  Civil War is kindled in Grenada by the Feuds of the
    Royal Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
  Boabdil is proclaimed King . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
  Cause of the ambitious hopes of Zagal . . . . . . . . . . 185
  Boabdil is taken Prisoner by the Spaniards . . . . . . . . 186
  The politic Spanish Rulers restore Boabdil to Liberty . . 187
  The Moors become their own Destroyers . . . . . . . . . . 187
  Death of Mulei-Hassem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
  Boabdil and his Uncle divide the Relics of Grenada
    between them . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
  Baseness of Zagal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
  Boabdil reigns alone at Grenada . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
  Ferdinand lays Siege to the City of Grenada . . . . . . . 189
  Condition of the City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
  The Spanish Camp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
  Isabella repairs to the Camp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
  She builds a City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
  Surrender of Grenada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
  Departure of Boabdil from the City . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
  The entrance of the Spanish Conquerors into the City . . . 195
  Summary of the Causes of the Ruin of the Moors . . . . . . 196
  Characteristics of the Moors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
{xii}
  Anecdote illustrative of their Observance of the Laws
    of Hospitality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
  Christian Persecution of the Moors . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
  Revolts of the Moors, and their Results . . . . . . . . . 199
  Final Expulsion of the Moors from Spain . . . . . . . . . 201
  Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

  A Brief Account of the Rise and Decline of the
    Mohammedan Empire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
      Chapter I . . .