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Title: The Church and the Barbarians Being an Outline of the History of the Church from A.D. 461 to A.D. 1003

Author: William Holden Hutton

Release Date: August 21, 2007 [EBook #22366]

Language: English

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CHURCH AND THE BARBARIANS ***

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THE CHURCH AND THE BARBARIANS

BEING AN OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH FROM A.D. 461 TO A.D. 1003

BY THE REV.

WILLIAM HOLDEN HUTTON, B.D.

FELLOW AND TUTOR OF S. JOHN BAPTIST COLLEGE, OXFORD

EXAMINING CHAPLAIN TO THE BISHOP OF ROCHESTER

RIVINGTONS

34 KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN

LONDON

1906

[Transcriber's note: Page numbers in this book are indicated by numbers enclosed in curly braces, e.g. {99}. They have been located where page breaks occurred in the original book, in accordance with Project Gutenberg's FAQ-V-99. For the book's Index, a page number has been placed only at the start of that section.]

[Transcriber's note: Footnotes have been renumbered sequentially and moved to the end of their respective chapters. The book's Index has a number of references to footnotes, e.g. the "96 n." entry under "Assyrians." In such cases, check the referenced page to see which footnote(s) are relevant.]

[Transcriber's note: The original book had side-notes in its pages' left or right margin areas. Some of these sidenotes were at or near the beginning of a paragraph, and in this e-text, are placed to precede their host paragraph. Some were placed elsewhere alongside a paragraph, in relation to what the sidenote referred to inside the paragraph. These have been placed into the paragraph near where they were in the original book. All sidenotes have been enclosed in square brackets, and preceded with "Sidenote:".]

EDITORIAL NOTE

While there is a general agreement among the writers as to principles, the greatest freedom as to treatment is allowed to writers in this series. The volumes, for example, will not be of the same length. Volume II., which deals with the formative period of the Church, is, not unnaturally, longer in proportion than the others. To Volume VI., which deals with the Reformation, will be allotted a similar extension. The authors, again, use their own discretion in such matters as footnotes and lists of authorities. But the aim of the series, which each writer sets before him, is to tell, clearly and accurately, the story of the Church, as a divine institution with a continuous life.

W. H. HUTTON

PREFACE

It has seemed to me impossible to deal with the long period covered by this volume as briefly as the scheme of the series required without leaving out a great many events and concentrating attention chiefly upon a few central facts and a few important personages. I think that the main results of the development may thus be seen, though there is much which is here omitted that would have been included had the book been written on other lines.

Some pages find place here which originally appeared in The Guardian and The Treasury, and a few lines which once formed part of an article in The Church Quarterly Review. My thanks are due for the courtesy of the Editors. I have reprinted some passages from my Church of the Sixth Century, a book which is now out of print and not likely to be reissued.

I have to thank the Rev. L. Pullan for help from his wide knowledge, and Mr. L. Strachan, of Heidelberg, of whose accuracy and learning I have had long experience, for reading the proofs and making the index.

W. H. H.

S. JOHN'S COLLEGE, OXFORD, Septuagesima, 1906.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I PAGE THE CHURCH AND ITS PROSPECTS IN THE FIFTH CENTURY . . . . 1

CHAPTER II THE EMPIRE AND THE EASTERN CHURCH, 461-628 . . . . . . . . 6

CHAPTER III THE CHURCH IN ITALY, 461-590 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

CHAPTER IV CHRISTIANITY IN GAUL FROM THE SIXTH TO THE EIGHTH CENTURY 41

CHAPTER V THE PONTIFICATE OF GREGORY THE GREAT . . . . . . . . . . . 60

CHAPTER VI CONTROVERSY AND THE CATHOLICISM OF SPAIN . . . . . . . . . 72

CHAPTER VII THE CHURCH AND THE MONOTHELITE CONTROVERSY . . . . . . . . 83

CHAPTER VIII THE CHURCH IN ASIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

CHAPTER IX THE CHURCH IN AFRICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

CHAPTER X THE CHURCH IN THE WESTERN ISLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

CHAPTER XI THE CONVERSION OF SLAVS AND NORTHMEN . . . . . . . . . . . 123

CHAPTER XII PROGRESS OF THE CHURCH IN GERMANY . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

CHAPTER XIII THE POPES AND THE REVIVAL OF THE EMPIRE . . . . . . . . . 143

CHAPTER XIV THE ICONOCLASTIC CONTROVERSY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

CHAPTER XV LEARNING AND MONASTICISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

CHAPTER XVI SACRAMENTS AND LITURGIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

CHAPTER XVII THE END OF THE DARK AGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

APPENDIX I LIST OF EMPERORS AND POPES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

APPENDIX II A SHORT BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

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THE CHURCH AND THE BARBARIANS

CHAPTER I

THE CHURCH AND ITS PROSPECTS IN THE FIFTH CENTURY

[Sidenote: The task of the Church]

The year 461 saw the great organisation which had ruled and united Europe for so long trembling into decay. The history of the Empire in relation to Christianity is indeed a remarkable one. The imperial religion had been the necessary and deadly foe of the religion of Jesus Christ; it had fought and had been conquered. Gradually the Empire itself with all its institutions and laws had been transformed, at least outwardly, into a Christian power. Questions of Christian theology had become questions of imperial politics. A Roman of the second century would have wondered indeed at the transformation which had come over the world he knew: it seemed as if the kingdoms of the earth had become the kingdoms of the Lord and of His Christ. But also it seemed that the new wine had burst the old bottles. The boundaries of the Roman world had been outstepped: nations had come