to the naval Battle of Cavite (May 1, 1898). 419

Chapter XXIV

An Outline of the War of Independence Period, 1899–1901

• Insurgents prepare for the coming conflict. 484
• Anti-American manifesto. The Philippine Republic. 486
• The war begins; the opening shot. Battle of Paco. 487
• Fighting around Manila; Gagalanging. Manila in flames. 489
• Battle of Marilao. Capture of Malolos, the insurgent capital. 490
• Proclamation of American intentions. Santa Cruz (La Laguna) captured. 493
• Effect of the war on public opinion in America. 495
• Insurgent defeat. Calumpit captured. Insurgents ask for an armistice. 496
• Insurgent tactics. General Lawton in Cavite. 499
• Violent death of General Antonio Luna. 501
• General Aguinaldoʼs manifesto; his pathetic allusion to the past. 502
• Insurgents destroy the s.s. Saturnus. Death of General Lawton. 503
• War on the wane. Many chiefs surrender. 505
• Partial disbandment of the insurgent army urged by hunger. 506
• Capture of General Emilio Aguinaldo (March 23, 1901). 507
• He swears allegiance to America. His home at Canit (Cavite Viejo). 509

Chapter XXV

The Philippine Republic in the Central and Southern Islands

• The Spaniards evacuate Yloilo (Dec., 1898). Native Government there. 511
• General Miller demands the surrender of Yloilo. The Panay army. 512
• Riotous insurgent soldiery. Flight of civilians. 513
• The Yloilo native Government discusses the crisis in open assembly. 514
• Mob riot. Yloilo in flames. Looting, anarchy, and terrorism. 515
• Bombardment of Yloilo. The American forces enter and the insurgents vanish. 516
• Surrender of insurgent leaders. Peace overtures. “Water-cure”. 517
• Formal surrender of the Panay army remnant at Jaro (Feb. 2, 1901). 518
• Yloilo town. Native Government in Negros Island. Peaceful settlement. 519
• An armed rabble overruns Negros Island. 521
• Native Government in Cebú Island. American occupation of Cebú City. 522
• Cebuáno insurgents on the warpath. Peace signed with Cebuános. 524
• Reformed government in Cebú Island. Cebú City. 526
• American occupation of Bojol Island. Insurgent rising quelled. 528
• Native Government in Cottabato. Slaughter of the Christians. 529
• The Spaniardsʼ critical position in Zamboanga (Mindanao Is.). 531
• Rival factions and anarchy in Zamboanga. Opportune American advent. 532
• The Rajahmudah Datto Maudi. Zamboanga town. 534
• Sámar and Marinduque Islands under native leaders. 535
• Slaughter of American officers and troops at Balangiga (Sámar Is.). 536

Chapter XXVI

The Spanish Prisoners

• The approximate number of Spanish prisoners and their treatment. 537
• The Spanish Governmentʼs dilemma in the matter of the prisoners. 538
• Why the prisoners were detained. Baron Du Maraisʼ ill-fated mission. 539
• Further efforts to obtain their release. The captors state their terms. 541
• Discussions between Generals E. S. Otis and Nicolás Jaramillo. 542
• The Spanish commissionersʼ ruse to obtain the prisonersʼ release fails. 543
• The end of the Spaniardsʼ captivity. 544

Chapter XXVII

End of the War of Independence and After

• The last of the recognized insurgent leaders. Notorious outlaws. 545
• Apolinario Mabini. Brigands of the old and of the new type. 546
• Ferocity of the new caste of brigands. 548
• The Montalón and Felizardo outlaw bands. 549
• The “Guards of Honour.” The Pulaján in gloomy Sámar. 550
• Army and Constabulary Statistics. Insurgent navy. 553
• Sedition. Seditious plays. 554
• Landownership is conducive to social tranquillity. 555

Chapter XXVIII

Modern Manila

• Innovations under American rule. 556
• Clubs. Theatres. Hotels. “Saloons.” The Walled City. 558
• The Insular