Chapter IV

Attempted Conquest by Chinese

• Li-ma-hong, a Chinese corsair, attacks Manila. 47
• He settles in Pangasinán; evacuates the Islands. 49
• Rivalry of lay and Monastic authorities. Philip II.ʼs decree of Reforms. 51
• Manila Cathedral founded. Mendicant friars. Archbishopric created. 55
• Supreme Court suppressed and re-established. Church and State contentions. 57
• Murder of Gov.-General Bustamente Bustillo. The monks in open riot. 60

Chapter V

Early Relations with Japan

The Catholic Missions

• The Emperor of Japan demands the surrender of the Islands. 63
• Fray Pedro Bautistaʼs mission; he and 25 others are crucified. 65
• Jesuit and Franciscan jealousy. The martyrsʼ mortal remains lost at sea. 67
• Emperor Taycosama explains his policy. Further missions and executions. 68
• Missionary martyrs declared saints. Emperor of Japan sends a shipment of lepers. 70
• Spaniards expelled from Formosa by the Dutch. Missions to Japan abandoned. 71

Chapter VI

Conflicts with the Dutch

• The Spanish expedition to the Moluccas fails. 72
• Chinese mutiny, murder the Spanish leader, and take the ship to Cochin China. 73
• Expeditions of Bravo de Acuna and Pedro de Heredia. Battle of Playa Honda. 74
• Koxinga, a Chinese adventurer, threatens to attack the Colony. 76
• Vittorio Riccio, an Italian monk, visits Manila as Koxingaʼs ambassador. 77
• Chinese goaded to rebellion; great massacre. 77
• Vicissitudes of Govs.-General. Defalcations. Impeachments. 78
• Gov.-General Fajardo de Tua kills his wife and her paramour. 80
• Separation of Portugal and Spain (1640). Spanish failure to capture Macao. 81
• Nunneries. Mother Ceciliaʼs love adventures. Santa Clara Convent. 81
• The High Host is stolen. Inquisition. Letter of Anathema. 82
• The Spanish Prime Minister Valenzuela is banished to Cavite. 83
• Monseigneur Maillard de Tournon, the Papal Legate. 84
• His arrogance and eccentricities; he dies in prison at Macao. 85
• Question of the Regium exequatur. Philip V.ʼs edict of punishments. 86

Chapter VII

British Occupation of Manila

• Coalition of France and Spain against England by the “Family Compact.” 87
• Simon de Anda y Salazár usurps the Archbishop-Governorʼs authority. 88
• British bombard Manila. Archbishop-Governor Rojo capitulates. 89
• British in possession of the City. Sack and pillage. Agreed Indemnity. 90
• Simon de Anda y Salazár defies Governor Rojo and declares war. 91
• British carry war into the provinces. Bustos opposes them. 92
• Bustos completely routed. Chinese take the British side. 93
• Massacre of Chinese. Villa Cortaʼs fate. The Philipino treasure. 94
• Simon de Anda y Salazár offers rewards for British heads. 95
• Austin friars on battle-fields. Peace of Paris (Feb. 10, 1763). 96
• Archbishop-Governor Rojo dies. La Torre appointed Gov.-General. 97
• British evacuate Manila. La Torre allows Anda to receive back the City. 98
• Anda goes to Spain; is rewarded by the King; returns as Gov.-General. 99
• Anda is in conflict with the out-going Governor, the Jesuits, and the friars. 99
• Anda dies in hospital (1776). His burial-place and monument. 100
• Rebellion succeeds the war. Ilocos Rebellion led by Diego de Silan. 100
• Revolt in Bojol Island led by Dagóhoy. 101
• Revolts in Leyte Island, Surigao (Mindanao Is.), and Sámar Island. 102
• Rebellion of “King” Málong and “Count” Gumapos. 103
• Rebellion of Andrés Novales. Execution of A. Novales and Ruiz. 104
• Apolinario de la Cruz declares himself “King of the Tagálogs.” 105
• General Marcelo Azcárraga, Spanish War Minister, Philippine born. 105
• The Cavite Conspiracy of 1872. The Secret Society of Reformers. 106
• The Philippine Martyrs, Dr. Búrgos and Fathers Zamora and Gomez. 107
• Illustrious exiles—Dr. Antonio M. Regidor and José M. Basa. 108

Chapter VIII

The Chinese

• The China-Manila trade in the days of Legaspi. 109
• The Alcayceria. The Parian. Chinese banished. Restrictions. 110
• The Chinese as immigrants; their comparative activity. 112
• Chinese mandarins come to seek the “Mount of Gold” in Cavite. 114
• The Chinese are goaded to revolt. Saint Francisʼ victory over them. 115
• Massacre of Foreigners. The Chinese Traders; their Guilds. 116
• Chinese patron saint; population. The Sangley. The Macao. 118
• Restrictions on Chinese immigration. Their gradual exclusion. 119

Chapter IX

Wild Tribes and Pagans

• The Aetas or Negritos or Balugas. 120
• The Gaddanes. The Itavis. The Igorrotes. The Ibanacs. 122
• Attempt to subdue the Igorrotes. Its failure. 124
• The Calingas. The Igorrote-Chinese. The Tinguianes. 125
• The Basanes. The Manguianes. The Hindoos. Albinos. 128

Chapter X

Mahometans and Southern Tribes

• Early history of the Mahometans, called Moros. 129
• The First Expedition against the Mindanao Moros. 130
• Gov.-General Corcuera effects a landing in Sulu Island. 131
• The scourge of Moro Piracy. Devastation of the coasts. Captives. 132
• Zamboanga Fort; cost of its maintenance. Fighting Friars. 133
• Vicissitudes of Sultan Mahamad Alimudin. 134
• The Sultan appeals to his suzerainʼs delegate and is made prisoner. 134
• His letter to Sultan Muhamad Amirubdin. 135
• The charges against the Sultan. Extermination of Meros decreed. 136
• Mindanao