colspan="2" class="contdtl">§ 1. Nomads.—§ 2. First migrations.—§ 3. Pastoral life—the second stage.—§ 4. Agricultural life; beginnings of the State.—§ 5. City-building; royalty.—§ 6. Successive migrations and their causes.—§ 7. Formation of nations.

II.

The Great Races.—chapter X. of Genesis

127-142 § 1. Shinar.—§ 2. Berosus.—§ 3. Who were the settlers in Shinar?—§ 4. The Flood probably not universal.—§§ 5-6. The blessed race and the accursed, according to Genesis.—§ 7. Genealogical form of Chap. X. of Genesis.—§ 8. Eponyms.—§ 9. Omission of some white races from Chap. X.—§ 10. Omission of the Black Race.—§ 11. Omission of the Yellow Race. Characteristics of the Turanians.—§ 12. The Chinese.—§ 13. Who were the Turanians? What became of the Cainites?—§ 14. Possible identity of both.—§ 15. The settlers in Shinar—Turanians. III.

Turanian Chaldea—Shumir and Accad.—The Beginnings of Religion

146-181 § 1. Shumir and Accad.—§ 2. Language and name.—§ 3. Turanian migrations and traditions.—§ 4. Collection of sacred texts.—§ 5. "Religiosity"—a distinctively human characteristic. Its first promptings and manifestations.—§ 6. The Magic Collection and the work of Fr. Lenormant.—§ 7. The Shumiro-Accads' theory of the world, and their elementary spirits.—§ 8. The incantation of the Seven Maskim.—§ 9. The evil spirits.—§ 10. The Arali.—§ 11. The sorcerers.—§ 12. Conjuring and conjurers.—§ 13. The beneficent Spirits, Êa.—§ 14. Meridug.—§ 15. A charm against an evil spell.—§ 16. Diseases considered as evil demons.—§ 17. Talismans. The Kerubim.—§ 18. More talismans.—§ 19. The demon of the South-West Wind.—§ 20. The first gods.—§ 21. Ud, the Sun.—§ 22. Nin dar, the nightly Sun.—§ 23. Gibil, Fire.—§ 24. Dawn of moral consciousness.—§ 25. Man's Conscience divinized.—§§ 26-28. Penitential Psalms.—§ 29. General character of Turanian religions.

Appendix to Chapter III.

181-183 Professor L. Dyer's poetical version of the Incantation against the Seven Maskim. IV.

Cushites and Semites—Early Chaldean History

184-228 § 1. Oannes.—§ 2. Were the second settlers Cushites or Semites?—§ 3. Cushite hypothesis. Earliest migrations.—§ 4. The Ethiopians and the Egyptians.—§ 5. The Canaanites.—§ 6. Possible Cushite station on the islets of the Persian Gulf.—§ 7. Colonization of Chaldea possibly by Cushites.—§ 8. Vagueness of very ancient chronology.—§ 9. Early dates.—§ 10. Exorbitant figures of Berosus.—§ 11. Early Chaldea—a nursery of nations.—§ 12. Nomadic Semitic tribes.—§ 13. The tribe of Arphaxad.—§ 14. Ur of the Chaldees.—§ 15. Scholars divided between the Cushite and Semitic theories.—§ 16. History commences with Semitic culture.—§ 17. Priestly rule. The patesis.—§§ 18-19. Sharrukin I. (Sargon I) of Agadê.—§§ 20-21. The second Sargon's literary labors.—§§ 22-23. Chaldean folk-lore, maxims and songs.—§ 24. Discovery of the elder Sargon's date—3800 b.c.—§ 25. Gudêa of Sir-gulla and Ur-êa of Ur.—§ 26. Predominance of Shumir. Ur-êa and his son Dungi first kings of "Shumir and Accad."—§ 27. Their inscriptions and buildings. The Elamite invasion.—§ 28. Elam.—§§ 29-31. Khudur-Lagamar and Abraham.—§ 32. Hardness of the Elamite rule.—§ 33. Rise of Babylon.—§ 34. Hammurabi.—§ 35. Invasion of the Kasshi. V.

Babylonian Religion

229-257 § 1. Babylonian calendar.—§ 2. Astronomy conducive to religious feeling.—§ 3. Sabeism.—§ 4. Priestcraft and astrology.—§ 5. Transformation of the old religion.—§ 6. Vague dawning of the monotheistic idea. Divine emanations.—§ 7. The Supreme Triad.—§ 8. The Second Triad.—§ 9. The five Planetary deities.—§§ 10-11. Duality of nature. Masculine and feminine principles. The goddesses.—§ 12. The twelve Great Gods and their Temples.—§ 13. The temple of Shamash at Sippar and Mr. Rassam's discovery.—§ 14. Survival of the old Turanian superstitions.—§ 15. Divination, a branch of Chaldean "Science."—§§ 16-17. Collection of one hundred tablets on divination. Specimens.—§ 18. The three classes of "wise men." "Chaldeans," in later times, a by-word for "magician," and "astrologer."—§ 19. Our inheritance from the Chaldeans: the sun-dial, the week, the calendar, the Sabbath. VI.

Legends and Stories

258-293 § 1. The Cosmogonies of different nations.—§ 2. The antiquity of the Sacred Books of Babylonia.—§ 3. The legend of Oannes, told by Berosus. Discovery, by Geo. Smith, of the Creation Tablets and the Deluge Tablet.—§§ 4-5. Chaldean account of the Creation.—§ 6. The Cylinder with the human couple, tree and serpent.—§ 7. Berosus' account of the creation.—§ 8. The Sacred Tree. Sacredness of the Symbol.—§ 9. Signification of the Tree-Symbol. The Cosmic Tree.—§ 10. Connection of the Tree-Symbol and of Ziggurats with the legend of Paradise.—§ 11. The Ziggurat of Borsippa.—§ 12. It is identified with the Tower of Babel.—§§ 13-14. Peculiar Orientation of the Ziggurats.—§ 15. Traces of legends about a sacred grove or garden.—§ 16. Mummu-Tiamat, the enemy of the gods. Battle of Bel and Tiamat.—§ 17. The Rebellion of the seven evil spirits, originally messengers of the gods.—§ 18. The great Tower and the Confusion of Tongues. VII.

Myths.—Heroes and the Mythical Epos

294-330 § 1. Definition of the word Myth.—§ 2. The Heroes.—§ 3. The Heroic Ages and Heroic Myths. The