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CHAPTER XXXI.

• Change of administration in England; change of policy for both England and the Colonies;
  peace negotiations at Paris; cause of the United Empire Loyalists; change of ministry;
  the King compelled to yield 53-65
• Names of the new Ministers; death of the Marquis of Rockingham, the Premier, succeeded by the Earl
  of Shelburne, in consequence of which several Ministers resign, and are succeeded by others, among
  whom was Pitt, as Chancellor of the Exchequer (in a note) 53
• Correspondence between Dr. Franklin, at Paris, and the Earl of Shelburne, which led to negotiations for
  peace 54
• Parliament does not pass an Act to authorize peace with America until three months after the accession of
  the new Ministry 54
• Dr. Franklin proposes to include Canada in the United States 54
• English and American Commissioners meet at Paris and hold protracted negotiations, with many delays,
  in regard to terms of peace 56
• Two most difficult questions of the treaty—The fishing grounds of Newfoundland and the Loyalists 56
• It was agreed that the Americans should have the right to take fish on the Banks of Newfoundland, but
  not to dry or cure them on any of the King's settled dominions 56
• Preamble and articles of the treaty (in a note) 56
• The most important question of the Loyalists 57
• They constituted the majority of the population of the Colonies at the beginning of the contest 57
• It was at length agreed that the Congress should recommend to the several States to compensate the
  Loyalists; but Dr. Franklin anticipated no success from it, as of course he did not desire it 58
• Dr. Franklin's counter-scheme to defeat the proposition of the English Commissioners, who gave way 58
• Dr. Ramsay on the Loyalists being "sacrificed" to their sufferings 59
• Mr. Hildreth on the same subject 61
• What was demanded for the Loyalists had been sanctioned by all modern civilized nations in like circumstances 61
• How honourable to the United States to have imitated such examples 62
• The fallacy of the plea or pretext that Congress had no power to grant an amnesty and compensation
  to the Loyalists 62
• Severe censure of the royal historian, Dr. Andrews, upon the English Commissioners for having agreed
  to sacrifice the Loyalists (in a note) 62
• "All parties in the Commons unanimously demand amnesty and indemnity for the Loyalists."
  (Bancroft, in a note) 62
• Dr. Franklin and his colleagues outwitted the English Commissioners not only in regard to the Loyalists
  but also in regard to immense territories 63
• Deplorable condition