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قراءة كتاب The Malay Archipelago, Volume 1 The Land of the Orang-utan and the Bird of Paradise; A Narrative of Travel, with Studies of Man and Nature
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The Malay Archipelago, Volume 1 The Land of the Orang-utan and the Bird of Paradise; A Narrative of Travel, with Studies of Man and Nature
THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO,
VOLUME I. (of II.)
By Alfred Russel Wallace
A narrative of travel, with sketches of man and nature.
AUTHOR OF "THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES,"
I dedicate this book,
Not only as a token of personal esteem and friendship
But also
To express my deep admiration
For
His genius and his works.
CONTENTS
PREFACE.
THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO.
CHAPTER I. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
CHAPTER II. SINGAPORE.
CHAPTER III. MALACCA AND MOUNT OPHIR.
CHAPTER IV. BORNEO—THE ORANGUTAN.
CHAPTER V. BORNEO—JOURNEY INTO THE INTERIOR.
CHAPTER VI. BORNEO—THE DYAKS.
CHAPTER VII. JAVA,
CHAPTER VIII. SUMATRA.
CHAPTER IX. NATURAL HISTORY OF THE INDO-MALAY ISLANDS.
CHAPTER X. BALI AND LOMBOCK.
CHAPTER XI. LOMBOCK: MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF THE PEOPLE.
CHAPTER XII. LOMBOCK: HOW THE RAJAH TOOK THE CENSUS.
CHAPTER XIII. TIMOR.
CHAPTER XIV. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE TIMOR GROUP.
CHAPTER XV. CELEBES.
CHAPTER XVI. CELEBES.
CHAPTER XVII. CELEBES.
CHAPTER XVIII. NATURAL HISTORY OF CELEBES.
CHAPTER XIX. BANDA.
CHAPTER XX. AMBOYNA.
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PREFACE.
My readers will naturally ask why I have delayed writing this book for six years after my return; and I feel bound to give them full satisfaction on this point.
When I reached England in the spring of 1862, I found myself surrounded by a room full of packing cases containing the collections that I had, from time to time, sent home for my private use. These comprised nearly three thousand bird-skins of about one thousand species, at least twenty thousand beetles and butterflies of about seven thousand species, and some quadrupeds and land shells besides. A large proportion of these I had not seen for years, and in my then weakened state of health, the unpacking, sorting, and arranging of such a mass of specimens occupied a long time.
I very soon decided that until I had done something towards naming and describing the most important groups in my collection, and had worked out some of the more interesting problems of variation and geographical distribution (of which I had had glimpses while collecting them), I would not attempt to publish my travels. Indeed, I could have printed my notes and journals at once, leaving all reference to questions of natural history for a future work; but, I felt that this would be as unsatisfactory to myself as it would be disappointing to my friends, and uninstructive to the public.
Since my return, up to this date, I have published eighteen papers in the "Transactions" or "Proceedings of the Linnean Zoological and Entomological Societies", describing or cataloguing portions of my collections, along with twelve others in various scientific periodicals on more general subjects connected with them.
Nearly two thousand of my Coleoptera, and many hundreds of my butterflies, have been already described by various eminent naturalists, British and foreign; but a much larger number remains undescribed. Among those to whom science is most indebted for this laborious work, I must name Mr. F. P. Pascoe, late President of the Entomological Society of London, who had almost completed the classification and description of my large collection of Longicorn beetles (now in his possession), comprising more than a thousand species, of which at least nine hundred were previously undescribed and new to European cabinets.
The remaining orders of insects, comprising probably more than two thousand species, are in the collection of Mr. William Wilson Saunders, who has caused the larger portion of them to be described by good entomologists. The Hymenoptera alone amounted to more than nine hundred species, among which were two hundred and eighty