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Part of the internal wall of the Record-House of Vespasian. Reduced from a sketch taken in the 16th century by Pirro Ligorio. From Commissione Archeologica Comunale di Roma 26 9. A reader with a roll: from a fresco at Pompeii 28 10. Book-box or capsa 30 11. A Roman taking down a roll from its place in a Library 35 12. Desk to support a roll while it is being read 36 13. A Roman reading a roll in front of a press (armarium). From a photograph of a sarcophagus in the garden of the Villa Balestra, Rome To face 38 14. Press containing the four Gospels. From a mosaic above the tomb of the Empress Galla Placidia at Ravenna 39 15. Ezra writing the Law. Frontispiece to the Codex Amiatinus. In the background is a press with open doors. The picture was probably drawn in the middle of the sixth century a.d. Frontispiece 16. Great Hall of the Vatican Library, looking west To face 47 17. A single press in the Vatican Library, open. From a photograph To face 48 18. Rough ground-plan of the Great Hall of the Vatican Library, to illustrate the account of the decoration To face 60 19. Press in the cloister at the Cistercian Abbey of Fossa Nuova 83 20. Ground-plan and elevation of the book-recesses in the cloister of Worcester Cathedral 84 21. Ground-plan of part of the Abbey of Fossa Nuova. To shew the book-room and book-press, and their relations to adjoining structures: partly from Enlart's Origines Françaises de l'Architecture Gothique en Italie, partly from my own measurements 85 22. Ground-plan of part of Kirkstall Abbey, Yorkshire 86 23. Ground-plan of part of Furness Abbey. From Mr W. H. St J. Hope's plan 88 24. Arches in south wall of Church at Beaulieu Abbey, Hampshire, once possibly used as book-presses To face 89 25. The cloister, Westminster Abbey. From Mr Micklethwaite's plan of the buildings 91 26. Part of the ancient press in Bayeux Cathedral, called Le Chartrier de Bayeux. From a photograph To face 94 27. Press in the church at Obazine, Central France. From a photograph To face 95 28. Ground-plan of one of the windows in the cloister of Durham Cathedral 96 29. Range of carrells in the south cloister at Gloucester Cathedral. From Mr Murray's Handbook to the Western Cathedrals 97 30. A single carrell, Gloucester Cathedral To face 98 31. Library at Durham, built by Prior Wessyngton about 1446 107 32. Library of the Grey Friars House, London, commonly called Christ's