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قراءة كتاب Belgium From the Roman Invasion to the Present Day
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Belgium From the Roman Invasion to the Present Day
The Project Gutenberg eBook, Belgium, by Emile Cammaerts
Title: Belgium
From the Roman Invasion to the Present Day
Author: Emile Cammaerts
Release Date: December 7, 2008 [eBook #27442]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BELGIUM***
E-text prepared by Brownfox, Hélène de Mink,
and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team
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Transcriber's note:
Inconsistent hyphenation and spelling in the original document have been preserved. Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. Further transcriber's notes are indicated by dotted lines under the text. Scroll the mouse over the word and the original text will appear.
The page advertising other books in the series has been removed to the end of this e-book.
The Latin number [i]] in the text refers to a transcriber's note at the end of this e-book.
BELGIUM
FROM THE ROMAN INVASION
TO THE PRESENT DAY
albert i.
Frontispiece.
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Photo Langfier
BELGIUM
FROM THE ROMAN INVASION
TO THE PRESENT DAY
BY
EMILE CAMMAERTS
WITH 36 ILLUSTRATIONS
AND 9 MAPS
T. FISHER UNWIN LTD
LONDON: ADELPHI TERRACE
Copyright by T. Fisher Unwin, 1921
(for Great Britain)
Copyright by G.P. Putnam's Sons
(for the United States of America), 1921
First published 1921
Second Impression 1922
PREFACE
We possess happily, nowadays, a few standard books, of great insight and impartiality, which allow us to form a general idea of the development of the Belgian nation without breaking fresh ground. The four volumes of Henri Pirenne's Histoire de Belgique carry us as far as the Peace of Münster, and, among others, such works as Vanderlinen's Belgium, issued recently by the Oxford University Press, and a treatise on Belgian history by F. Van Kalken (1920) supply a great deal of information on the modern period. To these works the author has been chiefly indebted in writing the present volume. He felt the need for placing the conclusions of modern Belgian historians within reach of British readers, and believed that, though he might not claim any very special qualifications to deal with Belgian history, his knowledge of England would allow him to present his material in the way most interesting to the English-speaking public.
Belgium is neither a series of essays nor a systematic text-book. Chronological sequence is preserved, and practically all important events are recorded in their appointed time, but special stress has been laid on some characteristic features of Belgian civilization and national development which are of general interest and bear on the history of Europe as a whole.
The author wishes to express his sincere thanks to his friend, Professor Van der Essen, who has been good enough to revise his work. He is also indebted to Messrs. Van Oest & Co. for allowing him to reproduce some pictures belonging to l'Album Historique de la Belgique, and to the Phototypie Belge (Ph.B.), Sté anonyme, Etterbeek, Bruxelles, and other holders of copyright for providing him with valuable illustrations.
CONTENTS
| PREFACE | 5 |
| INTRODUCTION | 15 |
| THE COAL WOOD | 19 |
Celts and Germans—Roman conquest—Roads of Roman civilization—First Christianization—Germanic invasion—Natural obstacle presented by the "Silva Carbonaria"—Origins of racial and linguistic division.
| FROM SAINT AMAND TO CHARLEMAGNE | 37 |
Frankish capital transferred from Tournai to Paris—Second Christianization—St. Amand—Restoration of the old bishoprics—Romanization of the Franks and germanization of the Walloons—Unification under Charlemagne—Aix-la-Chapelle, centre of the Empire—First period of economic and intellectual efflorescence.
| LOTHARINGIA AND FLANDERS | 47 |
Partition after Charlemagne—Treaty of Verdun—The frontier of the Scheldt—Struggle of feudal lords against the central power—The Normans.
| RÉGNER LONG NECK | 52 |
Policy of the Lotharingian princes—Influence of the German bishops—Alliance with Flanders against the Emperor—Decadence of the central power—Religious reform of Gérard de Brogne—The Clunisians and the struggle for the