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قراءة كتاب Progress and History
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Transcriber's Note
Obvious typographical errors have been corrected in this text. For a complete list, please see the bottom of this document.
PROGRESS AND
HISTORY
ESSAYS ARRANGED AND EDITED
BY
F. S. MARVIN
late senior scholar of st. john's college, oxford
author of 'the living past'
editor of 'the unity of western civilization'
'Tanta patet rerum series et omne futurum
Nititur in lucem.'
Lucan.
THIRD IMPRESSION
HUMPHREY MILFORD
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
LONDON EDINBURGH GLASGOW NEW YORK
TORONTO MELBOURNE CAPE TOWN BOMBAY
1919
PRINTED IN ENGLAND
AT THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
PREFACE
This volume is a sequel to The Unity of Western Civilization published last year and arose in the same way, from a course of lectures given at the Woodbrooke Settlement, Birmingham.
The former book attempted to describe some of the permanent unifying factors which hold our Western civilization together in spite of such catastrophic divisions as the present war. This book attempts to show these forces in growth. The former aimed rather at a statical, the present at a dynamical view of the same problem. Both are historical in spirit.
It is hoped that these courses may serve as an introduction to a series of cognate studies, of which clearly both the supply and the scope are infinite, for under the general conception of 'Progress in Unity' all great human topics might be embraced. One subject has been suggested for early treatment which would have especial interest at the present time, viz. 'Recent Progress in European Thought'. We are by the war brought more closely than before into contact with other nations of Europe who are pursuing with inevitable differences the same main lines of evolution. To indicate these in general, with stress on the factor of betterment, is the aim of the present volume.
F.S.M.
CONTENTS
| page | ||
| I. | THE IDEA OF PROGRESS | 7 |
| By F. S. Marvin. | ||
| II. | PROGRESS IN PREHISTORIC TIMES | 27 |
| By R. R. Marett, Reader in Social Anthropology, Oxford. | ||
| III. | PROGRESS AND HELLENISM | 48 |
| By F. Melian Stawell, late Lecturer at Newnham College, Cambridge. | ||
| IV. | PROGRESS IN THE MIDDLE AGES | 72 |
| By the Rev. A. J. Carlyle, Tutor and Lecturer at University College, Oxford. | ||
| V. | PROGRESS IN RELIGION | 96 |
| By Baron Friedrich von Hügel. | ||
| VI. | MORAL PROGRESS | 134 |
| By L. P. Jacks, Principal of Manchester New College, Oxford. | ||
| VII. | GOVERNMENT | 151 |
| By A. E. Zimmern, late Fellow of New College, Oxford. | ||
| VIII. | INDUSTRY | 189 |
| By A. E. Zimmern. | ||
| IX. | ART | 224 |
| By A. Clutton Brock. | ||
| X. | SCIENCE | 248 |
| By F. S. Marvin. | ||
| XI. | PHILOSOPHY | 273 |
| By J. A. Smith, Waynflete Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy, Oxford. | ||
| XII. | PROGRESS AS AN IDEAL OF ACTION | 295 |
| By J. A. Smith. |
I
THE IDEA OF PROGRESS
F. S. Marvin
The editor of these essays was busy in the autumn of last year collating the opinions attached by different people to the word 'progress'. One Sunday afternoon he happened to be walking with two friends in Oxford, one a professor of philosophy, the other a lady. The professor of philosophy declared that to him human progress must always