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قراءة كتاب William Penn
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Transcriber's note
Minor punctuation errors have been changed without notice. In the TOC "58" was changed to "53". Other printer errors are indicated with a mouse-hover and listed at the end of this book.
The Riverside Biographical Series
ANDREW JACKSON, by W. G. Brown
JAMES B. EADS, by Louis How
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, by Paul E. More
PETER COOPER, by R. W. Raymond
THOMAS JEFFERSON, by H. C. Merwin
WILLIAM PENN, by George Hodges
GENERAL GRANT. (In preparation)
LEWIS AND CLARK, by William R. Lighton. (In preparation)
Each about 100 pages, 16mo, with photogravure portrait,
75 cents; School Edition, 50 cents, net
HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO.
Boston and New York
The Riverside Biographical Series
NUMBER 6
WILLIAM PENN
BY
GEORGE HODGES
WILLIAM PENN
BY
GEORGE HODGES
HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY
Boston: 4 Park Street; New York: 11 East Seventeenth Street
Chicago: 378-388 Wabash Avenue
The Riverside Press, Cambridge
COPYRIGHT, 1901, BY GEORGE HODGES
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
CONTENTS
| CHAP. | PAGE | |
| I. | A Puritan Boyhood: Wanstead Church and Chigwell School | 1 |
| II. | At Oxford: Influence of Thomas Loe | 8 |
| III. | In France and Ireland: The World and the Other World | 22 |
| IV. | Penn becomes a Quaker: Persecution and Controversy | 33 |
| V. | The Beginning of Penn's Political Life: The Holy Experiment | 53 |
| VI. | The Settlement of Pennsylvania: Penn's First Visit to | |
| the Province | 68 | |
| VII. | At the Court of James the Second, and "in Retirement" | 93 |
| VIII. | Penn's Second Visit to the Province: Closing Years | 113 |
WILLIAM PENN
I
A PURITAN BOYHOOD: WANSTEAD CHURCH AND CHIGWELL SCHOOL
The mother of William Penn came from Rotterdam, in Holland. She was the daughter of John Jasper, a merchant of that city. The lively Mr. Pepys, who met her in 1664, when William was twenty years of age, describes her as a "fat, short, old Dutchwoman," and says that she was "mighty homely." He records a tattling neighbor's gossip that she was not a good housekeeper. He credits her, however, with having more wit and discretion than her husband, and liked her better as his acquaintance with her progressed. That she was of a cheerful disposition is evidenced by many passages of Pepys's Diary. That is all we know about her.
William's father was an ambitious, successful, and important person. He was twenty-two years old, and already a captain in the navy, when he married Margaret Jasper. The year after his marriage he was made rear-admiral of Ireland; two years after that, admiral of the Straits; in four years more, vice-admiral of England; and the next year, a "general of the sea" in the Dutch war. This was in Cromwell's time, when the naval strength of England was being mightily increased. A young man of energy and ability, acquainted with the sea, was easily in the line of promotion.
The family was ancient and respectable. Penn's father, however, began life with little money or education, and few social advantages. Lord Clarendon observed of him that he "had a great mind to appear better bred, and to speak like a gentleman," implying that he found some difficulty in so doing. Clarendon said, also, that he "had many good words which he used at adventure."
The Penns lived on Tower Hill, in the Parish of St. Catherine's, in a court adjoining London Wall. There they resided in "two chambers, one above another," and fared frugally. There William was born on the 14th of October, 1644.
Marston Moor was fought in that year, and all England was taking sides in the contention between the Parliament and the king. The navy was in sympathy with the Parliament; and the young officer, though his personal inclinations were towards the king, went with his associates. But in 1654 he appears to have lost faith in the Commonwealth. Cromwell sent an expedition