the Roman Church and Pontiff,

40 The contrast between Theodorick and Clovis, 42 The dictum of Ataulph on the Roman empire, 43 Ataulph and Theodorick represent the better judgments of the invaders, 44 The outlook of Pope Simplicius at Rome over the western provinces, 45 And over the eastern empire, 46 Basiliscus and Zeno the first theologising emperors, 47 How the races descending on the empire had become Arian, 49 The point of time when the Church was in danger of losing all which she had gained, 50 How the division of the empire called out the Primacy, 51 How the extinction of the western empire does so yet more, 53 How the Pope was the sole fixed point in a transitional world, 54 Guizot's testimony, 55 What St. Jerome, St. Augustine, and St. Leo did not foresee, which we behold, 57     CHAPTER II. (XLIV.). Cæsar fell down.     Great changes in the Roman State following the time of St. Leo, 59 Nature of the succession in the Cæsarean throne, and then in the Byzantine, 61 Personal changes in the Popes and eastern emperors, 62 Gennadius succeeds Anatolius, and Acacius succeeds Gennadius in the see of Constantinople, 64 Acacius resists the Encyclikon of Basiliscus, 65 Letter of Pope Simplicius to the emperor Zeno, 66 Advancement of Acacius by Zeno, 69 Acacius induces Zeno to publish a formulary of doctrine, 70 John Talaia, elected patriarch of Alexandria, appeals for support to Pope Simplicius, 70 Pope Felix sends an embassy to the emperor, 71 His letter to Zeno, 72 His letter to Acacius, 73 His legates arrested, imprisoned, robbed, and seduced, 74 Pope Felix synodically deposes Acacius, 75 Enumerates his misdeeds in the sentence, 76 Synodal decrees in Italy signed by the Pope alone, 78 Letter of Pope Felix to Zeno setting forth the condemnation of Acacius, 79 The condition of the Pope when he thus wrote, 81 How Acacius received the Pope's condemnation, 83 The position which Acacius thereupon took up, 84 The greatness of the bishop of Constantinople identified with the greatness of his city, 84 The humiliations of Rome witnessed by Acacius, 86 How the Pope, under these humiliations, spoke to Acacius and to the emperor, 88 The Pope on the one side, Acacius on the other, represent an absolute contradiction, 89 Eudoxius and Valens matched by Acacius and Zeno, 92 Death of Acacius, and estimate of him by three contemporaries, 93 Fravita, succeeding Acacius, seeks the Pope's recognition, 93 Letters of the emperor and Fravita to the Pope, and his answers, 94 The position taken by Acacius not maintained by Zeno and Fravita, 96 Nor by Euphemius, who succeeds Fravita, 96 Euphemius suspects and resists the new emperor Anastasius, 97 Condition of the Empire and the Church at the accession of Pope Gelasius in 492, 98 The "libellus synodicus" on the emperor Anastasius, 100 With whom the four Popes—Gelasius, Anastasius, Symmachus, and Hormisdas—have to deal, 101 Euphemius, writing to the Pope, acknowledges him to be successor of St. Peter, 103 Gelasius replies to Euphemius, insisting on the repudiation of Acacius, 104 Absolute obedience of the Illyrian bishops professed to the Apostolic See, 105 Gelasius shows that the canons make the First See supreme judge of all, 106 Says that the bishop of Constantinople holds no rank among bishops, 107 Praises bishops who have resisted the wrongdoings of temporal rulers, 108 The Holy See, in virtue of its Principate, confirms every Council, 109 Gelasius in 494 defines to the emperor the domain of the Two Powers, 110 And the subordination of the temporal ruler in spiritual things, 111 The words of Gelasius have become the law of the Church, 113 The emperor Anastasius deposes Euphemius by the Resident Council, 114 Pope Gelasius, in a council of seventy bishops at Rome, sets forth the divine institution of the Primacy, 115 And the order of the three Patriarchal Sees, 115 And three General Councils—the Nicene, Ephesine, and Chalcedonic, 115 Denies to the see of Constantinople any rank beyond that of an ordinary bishop, and omits the Council of 381, 116 Death of Pope Gelasius and