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CHAPTER V THE CLERGY RESERVES 51 CHAPTER VI BROWN'S FIRST PARLIAMENT 61 CHAPTER VII RISE OF BROWN'S INFLUENCE 69 CHAPTER VIII RECONSTRUCTION OF PARTIES 77 CHAPTER IX SOME PERSONAL POLITICS 87 CHAPTER X THE "DOUBLE SHUFFLE" 99 CHAPTER XI AGAINST AMERICAN SLAVERY 111 CHAPTER XII BROWN AND THE ROMAN CATHOLICS 121 CHAPTER XIII MOVING TOWARDS CONFEDERATION 129 CHAPTER XIV LAST YEARS OF THE UNION 141 CHAPTER XV CONFEDERATION 147 CHAPTER XVI THE QUEBEC CONFERENCE 163 CHAPTER XVII THE CONFEDERATION DEBATE 169 CHAPTER XVIII THE MISSION TO ENGLAND 181 CHAPTER XIX BROWN LEAVES THE COALITION 189 CHAPTER XX CONFEDERATION AND THE PARTIES 199 CHAPTER XXI CANADA AND THE GREAT WEST 211 CHAPTER XXII THE RECIPROCITY TREATY OF 1874 223 CHAPTER XXIII CANADIAN NATIONALISM 235 CHAPTER XXIV LATER YEARS 243 CHAPTER XXV CONCLUSION 255 INDEX 269

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CHAPTER I

FROM SCOTLAND TO CANADA

George Brown was born at Alloa, a seaport on the tidal Forth, thirty-five miles inward from Edinburgh, on November 29th, 1818. His mother was a daughter of George Mackenzie, of Stornoway, in the Island of Lewis. His father, Peter Brown, was a merchant and builder. George was educated at the High School and Southern Academy in Edinburgh. "This young man," said Dr. Gunn, of the Southern Academy, "is not only endowed with high enthusiasm, but possesses the faculty of creating enthusiasm in others." At the risk of attaching too much significance to praise bestowed on a school-boy, it may be said that these words struck the keynote of Brown's character and revealed the source of his power. The atmosphere of the household was Liberal; father and son alike hated the institution of slavery, with which they were destined to become more closely acquainted. "When I was a very young man," said George Brown, denouncing the Fugitive Slave Law before a Toronto audience, "I used to think that if I ever had to speak before such an audience as this, I would choose African Slavery as my theme in preference to any other topic. The subject seemed to afford the widest scope for rhetoric and for fervid appeals to the best of human sympathies. These thoughts arose far