قراءة كتاب Genera of Leptodactylid Frogs in México
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transverse groove at tip of each digit; lumbo-inguinal and inguinal gland flattened, irregular in outline, not compact and oval; axillary glands present or not; plantar supernumerary tubercles numerous, more than eight, usually extending between metatarsal tubercles; tarsus lacking tubercles or folds; toes free or basally webbed; terminal phalanges T-shaped; sternum cartilaginous, lacking bony style; sphenethmoid not truncate anteriorly; nasals in contact medially; maxillary and quadratojugal in articular contact; anterior arm of squamosal not in contact with maxillary; dermal cranial elements not involved in integumentary-cranial co-ossification; prevomers large, usually lacking dentigerous processes and teeth; maxillary and premaxillary bones dentate; occipital condyles separated; development direct.
Composition.—Thirteen species; the species described as, or later referred to, Syrrhophus from Lower Central America and South America are Eleutherodactylus or Eupsophus.
Distribution.—Low to moderate elevations from Sinaloa, México, to Guatemala on the Pacific versant; from the Edwards and Stockton plateaus of Texas to British Honduras on the Caribbean versant.
Etymology.—Greek, emendation of syrrhaptos, meaning sewn together in reference to the united outer metatarsals.
Genus Tomodactylus Günther, 1900
Type-species.—Tomodactylus amulae Günther, 1900.
Diagnosis and definition.—Small frogs (20 to 35 mm. snout-vent length) having digital expansions or not, with transverse groove across tip of each digit; lumbo-inguinal gland prominently elevated, compact, oval, often patterned; axillary glands absent; plantar supernumerary tubercles numerous, more than eight, usually extending between metatarsal tubercles; tarsus lacking tubercles or folds; toes free; terminal phalanges T-shaped; sternum cartilaginous, lacking bony style; sphenethmoid not truncate anteriorly; nasals in contact medially; maxillary and quadratojugal in articular contact; anterior arm of squamosal not in contact with maxillary; dermal cranial elements not involved in integumentary-cranial co-ossification; prevomers large, usually bearing dentigerous processes; maxillary and premaxillary bones dentate; occipital condyles separated; development direct.
Composition.—Ten species.
Distribution.—The southern edge of the Mexican Plateau from Sinaloa to Veracruuz and onto the Oaxaca highlands and Sierra Madre del Sur.
Etymology.—Greek (tomis + dactylus) meaning knife toe; in reference to either the sharp subarticular tubercles or the unwebbed toes.
DISCUSSION
The preceding definitions only slightly alter the present generic limits of Mexican leptodactylids. Two species, previously regarded as Eleutherodactylus, are transferred to the new genus Hylactophryne. The arrangement of the species of Syrrhophus and Tomodactylus remains the same as concluded by Dixon (1957), Duellman (1958), and Firschein (1954) in their reviews of the genera.
Lumbo-inguinal glands are most prominent in the genera Pleurodema and Tomodactylus. Various nondescript glands are present in many genera, but none is so well developed as those of Pleurodema and Tomodactylus.
At least nine leptodactylid genera are either known or thought to be terrestrial breeders lacking a free-living tadpole stage (Eleutherodactylus, Euparkerella, Hylactophryne, Niceforonia, Noblella, Sminthillus, Syrrhophus, Tomodactylus and Trachyphrynus). Niceforonia and Trachyphrynus, and probably Hylactophryne, are not closely related to the other