Edited by HAVELOCK ELLIS.

Keeper of the Natural History Collections, Science and Art Museum, Dublin; Member of the Royal Irish Academy; Corresponding Member of the Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft.

LONDON
WALTER SCOTT, LIMITED
PATERNOSTER SQUARE
1899

• PAGE
• CHAPTER I.
  
  • INTRODUCTION1-36
• CHAPTER II.
  
  • PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS37-88
• CHAPTER III.
  
  • THE FAUNA OF BRITAIN89-131
• CHAPTER IV.
  
  • THE ARCTIC FAUNA132-188
• CHAPTER V.
  
  • THE SIBERIAN MIGRATION189-244
• CHAPTER VI.
  
  • THE ORIENTAL MIGRATION245-286
• CHAPTER VII.
  
  • THE LUSITANIAN FAUNA287-308
• CHAPTER VIII.
  
  • THE ALPINE FAUNA309-350
• BIBLIOGRAPHY351-354
• INDEX355-364

PREFACE.

Our knowledge of the present and past fauna of Europe is as yet insufficient to indicate with precision the original homes of its component elements, but I hope that the lines of research laid down here, and the method of treatment adopted, will aid zoologists and geologists in collecting materials for a more comprehensive study of the history of our animals. I trust also that a fresh impulse will be given by the publication of this book to the study of the Geographical Distribution of Species. Collectors of Beetles, Butterflies, Shells, and Fossils may derive some useful hints by its perusal and thus direct their studies, so as to add, by accuracy in observation, to our knowledge of the former geographical revolutions which have moulded our islands and continents. To geographers, a survey of some of the more important changes in the distribution of land and water in past times—based upon the composition of our fauna—will be interesting. The subject, however, is a complex one. I have ventured to indicate a suitable method of treatment, and as such this attempt to elucidate the history of the European fauna should be received.

This work was written as the outcome of a paper published in the Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy (3rd series, vol. iv., 1897), "On the Origin of the European Fauna." A summary of that paper appeared in Nature (vol. lvi., 1897), and fuller