align="left">34.0

19.3 15.6 10.2 ... 235018 34.1 .... .... 10.4 8.0 230685 33.5 18.8 15.5 10.4 7.9             Mt. Rainier           90635 34.5 19.2 16.3 10.8 8.3 232729 .... 18.5 15.3 .... 8.2 233114 34.2 18.6 15.7 10.8 8.0             T. a. caurinus           241911 34.5 19.7 16.2 11.3 8.3 241915 34.2 .... .... 10.3 8.3 241902 35.2 .... 16.8 11.1 8.1 241903 34.7 .... 16.0 10.8 8.4

Howell (op. cit.:75) referred three specimens from Glacier Basin, on the northeastern part of Mount Rainier, to T. a. ludibundus as he did also one specimen (loc. cit.) from Reflection Lakes, on the southern flank of the mountain. Our comparisons indicate the correctness of Howell's identification of the specimens from Glacier Basin; they more closely resemble ludibundus than caurinus. The specimen from Reflection Lakes, however, is only one of five or six from the same place; the others were lumped by him among the 49 that he recorded from Mount Rainier under the name caurinus. The series from Reflection Lakes, so far as we can detect, is not unusually variable and the differences that are apparent are within the normal range of variation ascribable to season, age, and individualism. Also, the series from Reflection Lakes, to us, is not appreciably different from the other series, representing the following places on Mount Rainier: Indian Henrys, 5300 ft.; W slope Mt. Rainier, 6600 ft.; St. Andrews Park, 5500 ft.; Spray Park, 5500 ft.; Paradise Park; Muddy Fork of Cowlitz River; Sunset Park, 5000 ft.; ridge between St. Andrews Park and South Puyallup River, 6000 ft.; and Owyhigh Lakes, 5350 ft.

Collectively, or individually, where there are as many as six specimens from a place, the material from Mt. Rainier (Glacier Basin excepted) is intermediate in color between T. a. ludibundus and T. a. caurinus and no more closely resembles one subspecies than the other. As may be seen from the cranial measurements recorded above, specimens from Mt. Rainier, although intermediate between the two subspecies just mentioned, resemble ludibundus in lesser zygomatic breadth and lesser cranial breadth (and, it may be added, in lesser dorsolateral inflation of the braincase), but resemble caurinus in longer skull (occipitonasal length), longer nasals and greater breadth across the rows of upper molariform teeth.

In summary: The animals from Mount Rainier, in features of taxonomic import, are almost exactly intermediate between T. a. caurinus and T. a. ludibundus. Being influenced by considerations of geographic adjacency, we refer the animals on Mount Rainier to Tamias amoenus ludibundus (Hollister).

Dalquest's (op. cit.: 85) explanation of the probable origin of Tamias amoenus caurinus is pertinent here. He writes: "The chipmunks of the Olympic Mountains [caurinus] probably reached their present range from the Cascades. Their probable path of emigration was westward from Mt. Rainier, along the glacial outwash train of Nisqualli Glacier, to the moraine and outwash apron of the Vashon Glacier and thence to the Olympics. So similar are the chipmunks of Mt. Rainier and the Olympic Mountains that Howell (1929) included Mt. Rainier in the range of caurinus."

Tamias townsendii cooperi Baird

Some uncertainty exists concerning the subspecific identity of the Townsend Chipmunk in southern Washington because Dalquest (Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2:262, April 9, 1948) identified as Tamias townsendii cooperi specimens that he examined from Yocolt, a place well within the geographic range of T. t. townsendii as defined by A. H. Howell (N. Amer. Fauna, 52: fig. 7, p. 107, November 30, 1929). Dalquest (op. cit.) referred other specimens, that he did not examine, from Mt. St. Helens (90654, 231112 and 231114 BS) to T. t. cooperi although Howell (N. Amer. Fauna, 52:109, November 20, 1929) had previously identified them as E. t. townsendii. By implication, and on his map, Dalquest (op. cit., fig. 83, p. 261) assigned to T. t. cooperi still other specimens, that he had not examined, from: Government Springs, 15 mi. N Carson (230514, 230515, 230559, 230560, and 230563 BS); Stevenson (230513 and 230517 BS); and Skamania (230518 BS). Earlier, Howell (op. cit.) had listed the specimens from the three mentioned localities as Eutamias townsendii townsendii.

Our examination of specimens in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology from 1-1/2 mi. W Yocolt (94238 and 94239 MVZ) and from 3-1/2 mi. E and 5 mi. N Yocolt (94240-94244 MVZ) reveals that the "average" of the coloration is nearer to that of the paler T. t. cooperi than to that of the darker T. t. townsendii and indicates why Dalquest, we think correctly, identified specimens from Yocolt as T. t. cooperi. We have examined also the specimens in the Biological Surveys Collection of the United States National Museum (catalogue numbers given above) and have compared them with specimens (comparable in age and seasonal condition of pelage) of T. t. townsendii (notably a series from Lake Quinalt, Washington) and of T. t. cooperi (including specimens from Bumping Lake and Blewett Pass, Washington). In color, the specimens from Mt. St. Helens are almost exactly intermediate between T. t. cooperi and T. t. townsendii. We choose to use for them the name T. t. townsendii as did Howell (op. cit.:109). The specimens from 15 mi. N Carson, those from Stevenson and the one from Skamania agree in nearly all features of color with the relatively paler T. t. cooperi, as Dalquest (op. cit.) thought they would, and we, accordingly, use for them the name Tamias townsendii cooperi.

In view of the findings resulting from our study of the above mentioned specimens of the Townsend Chipmunk in Washington, it seemed worthwhile to examine