قراءة كتاب Food Habits of the Thrushes of the United States USDA Bulletin 280

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Food Habits of the Thrushes of the United States USDA Bulletin 280

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المؤلف:

Beal F E L (Foster Ellenborough Lascelles)

دار النشر: Project Gutenberg

الصفحة رقم: 1

Transcriber's Notes

The text presented is essentially that in the original printed document with the exception of some minor punctuation changes and the three typographical corrections detailed below. The original version also had two copies of the Table of Contents. The second copy which appeared on Page 1 was removed. Many of the tables which were presented in a two-column format and sometimes split between two pages were reformatted into one long table. The page markers were placed so that they matched up with whichever original item would place the page number in about the same relative position as the printed version.

Typos

Page 1	:	Veery And Willow thrust	=>	Veery And Willow thrush
Page 10	:	COLEOFTERA	=>	COLEOPTERA
"	:	Cormybites	=>	Corymbites

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
BULLETIN No. 280

Contribution from the Bureau of Biological Survey
HENRY W. HENSHAW, Chief

Washington, D. C.

PROFESSIONAL PAPER

September 27, 1915

FOOD HABITS OF THE THRUSHES
OF THE UNITED STATES

By F. E. L. Beal, Assistant Biologist.

CONTENTS.

Page.
Introduction.	1
Townsend's Solitaire	3
Wood Thrush.	5
Veery And Willow Thrush.	9

Page.
	Gray-Cheeked And Bicknell's Thrushes.	11
	Olive-Backed And Russet-Backed Thrushes.	13
	Hermit Thrushes.	18

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1915

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
	BULLETIN No. 280 Contribution from the Bureau of Biological Survey HENRY W. HENSHAW, Chief

Washington, D. C.

PROFESSIONAL PAPER

September 27, 1915

FOOD HABITS OF THE THRUSHES OF THE
UNITED STATES.

By F. E. L. Beal, Assistant Biologist.

INTRODUCTION.

North American thrushes (Turdidæ) constitute a small but interesting group of birds, most of which are of retiring habits but noted as songsters. They consist of the birds commonly known as thrushes, robins, bluebirds, Townsend's solitaire, and the wheatears. The red-winged thrush of Europe (Turdus musicus) is accidental in Greenland, and the wheatears (Saxicola œnanthe subspp.) are rarely found in the Western Hemisphere except in Arctic America. Within the limits of the United States are 11 species of thrushes, of which the following 6 are discussed in this bulletin: Townsend's solitaire (Myadestes townsendi), the wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), the veery and willow thrush (Hylocichla fuscescens subspp.), the gray-cheeked and Bicknell's thrushes (Hylocichla aliciæ subspp.), the olive-backed and russet-backed thrushes (Hylocichla ustulata subspp.), and the hermit thrushes (Hylocichla guttata subspp.). An account of the food habits of the 5 species of robins and bluebirds appeared in Department Bulletin No. 171.

As a group thrushes are plainly colored and seem to be especially adapted to thickly settled rural districts, as the shyest of them, with the exception of the solitaire, do not require any greater seclusion than that afforded by an acre or two of woodland or swamp.

The thrushes are largely insectivorous, and also are fond of spiders, myriapods, sowbugs, snails, and angleworms. The vegetable portion of their diet consists mostly of

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