Transcriber's Note:
'M', in the context of lumber measurement, means '1000 feet'. From 'Handwork in Wood'*, Chapter III, page 48. Also (ibid): "There are several methods of measuring lumber. The general rule is to multiply the length in feet by the width and thickness in inches and divide by 12, thus: 1" × 6" × 15' ÷ 12 = 7½ feet."
* By the same author: [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/20846].
In the interests of clarity, some Illustrations have been moved closer to their descriptive text, and links to some page numbers adjusted.
Hyphenation and spelling are not uniform throughout this book, e.g., 'sapwood' and 'sap-wood' both occur; 'Columbian Timber-beetle' and 'Columbian timber beetle' occur in the same paragraph.
Chapter II has three types of footnotes, with different notations. References to the author's previous book, being short, are placed at the end of the paragraph; numbered technical or tabular footnotes, or footnotes referencing other publications are collected at the end of the Chapter, before the Chapter Bibliography; and Chapter Bibliography footnotes are placed at the end of the Chapter Bibliography. In later Chapters, numbered footnotes are placed either at the end of the Chapter (before the Bibliography) or at the end of a relevant section of a Chapter.
Chapter III (et alia): As this e-book has been prepared from scanned images, it is impossible to accurately depict the sizes of some of the illustrations. Each 'Leaf' illustration is supplied with a 1 inch scale measure, as the size of the leaves and cone/fruit varied considerably. However, the cross-sections of wood were shown as 'magnified 37½ diameters', and the radial and tangential sections were shown 'life size', and the illustrations in the original book were of uniform size. The illustrations of the sections in this e-book are of uniform size, but the correct size of each would be somewhere between the image on the page and the enlargement.
Chapter III lists 67 trees; The (following) Lists from the Jesup Collection list 66 trees, including the 'tied place' trees. The tree missing from the Jesup Collection is No. 18: Western Hemlock, or Black Hemlock.
Sundry damaged or missing punctuation has been repaired.
Page 18: 'sumac' and 'sumach'. Both spellings correct. Also 'sumak', shoomak. From Arabic 'summāq'. (Oxford).
Page 19: 'charactistic' corrected to 'characteristic' ... "and give the characteristic pleasing "grain" of wood."
Page 23: inconsistent spelling—tracheæ, tracheae. The two spellings occur in the book; also trachæids, tracheids. All have been retained. The author's bibliography is extensive.
Page 124 etc.: The Allegheny Mountain Range (also spelled Alleghany and Allegany, ~Wikipedia).
Page 143: 'distinguised' corrected to 'distinguished' ... "Not distinguished from white oak in the market."
Page 180: diameter, '1"-6", even 5';' corrected to 'diameter, 1'6"-3'6", even 5';' (Wikipedia)
Page 182: 'scambucifolia' corrected to 'sambucifolia' ... "Fraxinus nigra Marshall. Fraxinus sambucifolia."
Page 186: 'cleavabilty' corrected to 'cleavability' ... "refers to the cleavability of the wood;"
Page 268: Fig. 118 text: Basswood, 1st and 2d, 1" x 8" and up by x 00". and: White pine, rough uppers, 1" x 8" and up x 00'. This is as printed; the transcriber has no idea what was meant by '00"' and '00'', or what it should have been.
Page 292: 'miscroscopic' corrected to 'microscopic' ..."Of microscopic features, the following only have been referred to:"
Page 304: 'Agaricus mellens' corrected to 'Agaricus melleus'.
The corrections made are also indicated by dotted lines under the corrections. Scroll the mouse over the word and the original text will appear.
The (archaic) U.S. American spellings, 'drouth' (='drought'), 'thoroly', 'tho', 'altho', 'tire' (='tyre'), etc., are correct.
Parts of the Appendix have been re-arranged for smoother flow.
The 'Additional Notes....' were on the lower half of the pages, separated from the 'Key' by a double line. They have been gathered together after their relevant section, and separated from the Appendix proper by double lines:
|
WOOD AND FOREST
By WILLIAM NOYES, M.A.
Formerly Assistant Professor of Industrial Arts
Teachers College, Columbia University
NEW YORK CITY
The Manual Arts Press
Peoria, Illinois
COPYRIGHT
WILLIAM NOYES
1912
FIFTH EDITION, 1921
Printed in United States of America
FOREWORD
This book has been prepared as a companion volume to the author's Handwork in Wood.1 It is an attempt to collect and arrange in available form useful information, now widely scattered, about our common woods, their sources, growth, properties and uses.
As in the other volume, the credit for the successful completion of the book is to be given to my wife, Anna Gausmann Noyes, who has made the drawings and maps, corrected the text, read the proof, and carried the work thru to its final completion.
Acknowledgments are hereby thankfully made for corrections and suggestions in the text to the following persons:
Mr. A. D. Hopkins, of the United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, for revision of the text relating to Insect Enemies of the Forest, in Chapter VI.
Mr. George G. Hedgcock, of the United States Bureau of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, for revision of the text relating to the fungal enemies of the forest, in Chapter VI.
Mr. S. T. Dana and Mr. Burnett Barrows, of the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, for revision of Chapters IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII.
Professor Charles R. Richards, formerly Head of the Manual Training Department of Teachers College, my predecessor as lecturer of the course out of which this book has grown.
Professor M. A. Bigelow, Head of the Department of Botany of Teachers College, for revision of Chapter I, on the Structure of Wood.
Mr. Romeyn B. Hough, of Lowville, N. Y., author of American Woods and Handbook of the Trees of the Northern States and Canada, for suggestions in preparing the maps in Chapter III.
The Forest Service, Washington, D. C., for photographs and maps credited to it, and for permission to reprint the key to the identification of woods which appears in Forest Service Bulletin No. 10, Timber, by Filibert Roth.
The Division of Publications, U. S. Department of Agriculture, for permission to copy illustrations in bulletins.
The Macmillan Company, New York, for permission to reproduce Fig. 86, Portion of the Mycelium of Dry Rot, from Timber and Some of its Diseases, by H. M. Ward.
Mrs. Katharine Golden Bitting, of Lafayette, Indiana, for the photograph of the cross-section of a bud, Figure 5.
Finally and not least I hereby acknowledge my obligations to the various writers and publishers whose books and articles I have freely used. As far as possible, appropriate credit is given in the paged references at the end
