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قراءة كتاب The Radicalism of Shelley and Its Sources
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The Radicalism of Shelley
and Its Sources
BY
DANIEL J. MacDONALD, Ph. D.
A DISSERTATION
Submitted to the Faculty of Philosophy of the Catholic
University of America in Partial Fulfillment of
the Requirements for the Degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
WASHINGTON, D. C.
JUNE, 1912
CONTENTS
| PAGE | |
| Introduction—Nature of Radicalism | 5 |
| Chapter I—Early Influences | 12 |
| Lack of sympathetic home training—Eton—disappointment in love—Oxford, conditions there bad—meets cynic Hogg—both publish The Necessity of Atheism, and are expelled—marries Harriet Westbrook—begins correspondence with Godwin—visits Dublin to aid Catholic Emancipation—Conditions of people of England—Caleb Williams—Queen Mab. | |
| Chapter II—Views on Marriage and Love | 36 |
| Parting from Harriet—views on marriage—influence of Godwin, of Lawrence’s The Empire of the Naires—abuses of marriage in different countries—the Naires a possible source of Rosalind and Helen—flight with Mary Godwin—Brown’s Wieland—The Revolt of Islam—The Missionary an important source of the Revolt—Platonism and his view of love—Epipsychidion—Mary Wollstonecraft’s Vindication of The Rights of Women—Louvet’s Memoirs. | |
| Chapter III—Politics | 66 |
| Godwin’s Political Justice—every kind of obedience wrong—views on kingcraft—on violence and punishment of death—reform through education—principle of justice—laws—ownership of property—luxuries—vegetarianism—Leigh Hunt—proposal for putting Reform to a vote—Prometheus Unbound—masque of Anarchy—philosophical view of Reform—the perfectibility of man. | |
| Chapter IV—Religion and Philosophy | 87 |
| His views on Christianity—not an atheist—agnostic—sources of views on belief, Locke, Spinoza, Drummond—God not a creator—Pantheism—God, Love, and Beauty identical—immortality of the soul—idealism—necessity—freedom of the will—good and evil, their origin—virtue equivalent to happiness—disbelief in the doctrine of hell. | |
| Chapter V—Radicalism in Contemporary Poetry | 108 |
| Wordsworth—the Lyrical Ballads—The Prelude and Excursion—Coleridge. | |
| Chapter VI—Conclusion | 125 |
| Weakness of the Radical, of Shelley—Strength of the Radical, of Shelley. | |
| Bibliography | 139 |
| Biography | 143 |
THE RADICALISM OF SHELLEY AND ITS SOURCES[1]
By Daniel J. McDonald, Ph.D.
INTRODUCTION
The following study of the development of the religious and political views of Shelley is made with the view to help one in forming a true estimate of his work and character.
That there is a real difficulty in estimating correctly the life and works of Shelley no one acquainted with the varied judgments passed upon him will deny. Professor Trent claims that there is not a more perplexing and irritating subject for study than Shelley.[2] By some our poet is regarded as an angel, a model of perfection; by others he is looked upon as “a rare prodigy of crime and pollution whose look even might infect.” Mr. Swinburne calls him “the master singer of our modern poets,” but neither Wordsworth nor Keats could appreciate his poetry. W. M. Rossetti, in an article on Shelley in the ninth edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica, writes as follows: “In his own day an alien in the world of mind and invention, and in our day scarcely yet a denizen of it, he appears destined to become in the long vista of years an informing presence in the innermost shrine of human thought.” Matthew Arnold, on the other hand, in one of his last essays, writes: “But let no one suppose that a want of humor and a self-delusion such as Shelley’s have no effect upon a man’s poetry. The man Shelley, in very truth, is not entirely sane, and Shelley’s poetry is not entirely sane either.” Views so entirely different, coming as they do from such