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قراءة كتاب Group Psychology and The Analysis of The Ego
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GROUP PSYCHOLOGY
AND
THE ANALYSIS OF THE EGO
BY
SIGM. FREUD, M. D., LL. D.
AUTHORIZED TRANSLATION
BY
JAMES STRACHEY
THE INTERNATIONAL PSYCHO-ANALYTICAL PRESS
LONDON MCMXXII VIENNA
Copyright 1922
TRANSLATOR'S NOTE
A comparison of the following pages with the German original (Massenpsychologie und Ich-Analyse, Internationaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag, Vienna, 1921) will show that certain passages have been transferred in the English version from the text to the footnotes. This alteration has been carried out at the author's express desire.
All technical terms have been translated in accordance with the Glossary to be published as a supplement to the International Journal of Psycho-Analysis.
J. S.
CONTENTS
| Page | ||
| I | Introduction | 1 |
| II | Le Bon's Description of the Group Mind | 5 |
| III | Other Accounts of Collective Mental Life | 23 |
| IV | Suggestion and Libido | 33 |
| V | Two Artificial Groups: the Church and the Army | 41 |
| VI | Further Problems and Lines of Work | 52 |
| VII | Identification | 60 |
| VIII | Being in Love and Hypnosis | 71 |
| IX | The Herd Instinct | 81 |
| X | The Group and the Primal Horde | 90 |
| XI | A Differentiating Grade in the Ego | 101 |
| XII | Postscript | 110 |
| Footnotes | ||
| Index | ||
GROUP PSYCHOLOGY AND THE ANALYSIS OF THE EGO
I
INTRODUCTION
The contrast between Individual Psychology and Social or Group[1] Psychology, which at a first glance may seem to be full of significance, loses a great deal of its sharpness when it is examined more closely. It is true that Individual Psychology is concerned with the individual man and explores the paths by which he seeks to find satisfaction for his instincts; but only rarely and under certain exceptional conditions is Individual Psychology in a position to disregard the relations of this individual to others. In the individual's mental life someone else is invariably involved, as a model, as an object, as a helper, as an opponent, and so from the very first Individual Psychology is at the same time Social Psychology as well—in this extended but entirely justifiable sense of the words.
The relations of an individual to his parents and to his brothers and sisters, to the object of his love, and to his physician—in fact all the relations which have hitherto been the chief subject of psycho-analytic research—may claim to be considered as social phenomena; and in this respect they may be contrasted with certain other processes, described by us as 'narcissistic', in which the satisfaction of the instincts is partially or totally withdrawn from the influence of