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قراءة كتاب Chaucer and His Times
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HOME UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
OF MODERN KNOWLEDGE
CHAUCER AND HIS TIMES
By GRACE E. HADOW
London
WILLIAMS & NORGATE
HENRY HOLT & Co., New York
Canada: WM. BRIGGS, Toronto
India: R. & T. WASHBOURNE, Ltd.
1914
HOME UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
OF MODERN KNOWLEDGE
| Editors: |
| HERBERT FISHER, M.A., F.B.A, LL.D. |
| Prof. GILBERT MURRAY, D.Litt., LL.D., F.B.A. |
| Prof. J. ARTHUR THOMSON, M.A., LL.D. |
| Prof. WILLIAM T. BREWSTER, M.A. (Columbia University, U.S.A.) |
NEW YORK
HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY
CHAUCER AND
HIS TIMES
BY
GRACE E. HADOW
LECTURER IN ENGLISH, LADY MARGARET
HALL, OXFORD; LATE READER IN ENGLISH,
BRYN MAWR COLLEGE, U.S.A.
LONDON
WILLIAMS AND NORGATE
The following volumes of kindred interest have already been published in this Library:
| 43. English Literature: Mediæval. By Prof. W. P. Ker. 13. Mediæval Europe. By H. W. C. Davis, M.A. 45. The English Language. By L. Pearsall Smith, M.A. 35. Landmarks in French Literature. By G. L. Strachey. |
First Printed April 1914
CONTENTS
| CHAP. | PAGE | |
| NOTES ON CHAUCER’S USE OF ‘E’ | vi | |
| I | CHAUCER’S LIFE AND TIMES | 7 |
| II | CHAUCER’S WORKS | 32 |
| III | CHAUCER’S TREATMENT OF HIS SOURCES | 69 |
| IV | CHAUCER’S CHARACTER-DRAWING | 106 |
| V | CHAUCER’S HUMOUR | 143 |
| VI | CHAUCER’S DESCRIPTIVE POWER | 173 |
| VII | SOME VIEWS OF CHAUCER’S ON MEN AND THINGS | 196 |
| VIII | CHAUCER’S INFLUENCE | 229 |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY | 254 | |
| INDEX | 255 |
NOTES ON CHAUCER’S USE OF ‘E’
1. Final e is usually sounded in Chaucerian verse, but
(a) it is slurred over before a word beginning with a vowel, e.g. I noldë sette⁀at al that noyse⁀a grote; before certain words beginning with h, such as he; any part of the verb to have; the adverbs heer, how, and a mute h as in honour—e.g. Tho redde⁀he me how Sampson loste⁀his heres:
(b) it is sometimes dropped in certain words in common use such as were, hadde, wolde, etc.—e.g. Wolde⁀go to bedde,⁀he wolde⁀no lenger tarie.
2. Middle e is sometimes dropped: e.g. hav(e)nes.
3. Final e should always be sounded at the end of a line.
These notes are based on the grammatical hints given in Professor Skeat’s Introduction to his single-volume edition of Chaucer’s complete works (Clarendon Press, 1901), from which the illustrations in this book are also drawn. To his researches and to those of Professors Lounsbury and Ten Brink, and of the members of the Chaucer Society, all students of Chaucer must gratefully acknowledge their indebtedness. In quoting from Chaucer I have kept to Professor Skeat’s spelling. All attempts to modernise Chaucerian verse