Kalloe—Attempt to save Kalloe—Pursuit and Capture of Kalloe
—I intercede on his behalf—Death of a Headman—Shot by order of
Kamrasi—The Warning—The Bodyguard

CHAPTER XVI.

KAMRASI'S ADIEU,

Begging to the last—We quit Kamrasi's Territory—March to Shooa—
Arrive at Shooa—The Lira Tribe—Resemblance of Natives' and Lawyers'
Wigs—Result of the Turks' Razzias—Loss of Cattle by the Turks—The
Fight with Werdella—Courage of Werdella—Werdella defeats the Turks—
Murder of a Native—Runaway slaves recaptured—Brutality of the Turks
—Little Abbai—The Children of the Camp—Pleasant Time with the
Children—Shoot a Crocodile—The Black Rhinoceros—The Lira
Head-dress—Native Use of Donkeys

CHAPTER XVII.

THE NATIVES IN MOURNING.

Results of the Ivory Campaign—Preparations for starting Homeward—
Part regretfully with the Children—The Traveller's Tree—View of the
Nile—Koshi and Madi—Gebel Kookoo—On Speke and Grant's Route—
Changes in the Nile—The Asua River—Suspicious Movements of the
Natives—Attacked in the Pass—Night in a hostile Country—Camp
surrounded by Natives—Poisoned Arrows shot into Camp—Sight Belignan
—Approach Gondokoro—Arrive at Gondokoro—Neither Letters nor
Supplies—Disappointment.

CHAPTER XVIII.

THE LATEST NEWS FROM KHARTOUM.

Intelligence from Khartoum—Retreat of the Slaves—Influence gained over Traders' People—Sail from Gondokoro—The Nile cleared of its Mystery—The Victoria Source—Ptolemy's Theory—Rainfall—Affluents of the White Nile—Action of the Abyssinian Rivers—Colonization impossible—Slavery the Curse of Africa—Impotence of European Consuls —Impossibility of convicting a Trader—Central Africa opened to Navigation—Tribes of Central Africa—Vestiges of a Pre-Adamite Creation—Geological Formation—Hypothesis of Equatorial Lakes—Sir Roderick Murchison's Theories confirmed—Sir Roderick Murchison's Address

CHAPTER XIX.

THE BLACK ANTELOPE.

Antelope shooting—Arrive at Junction of Bahr el Gazal—Arrive at the
Nile Dam—Character of the Obstruction—Passage through the Dam—The
Plague breaks out—Saat smitten by the Plague—Entertained by Osman
Bey—Saat dies—Burial of Saat—Arrival at Khartoum—Albert Lake
Reservoir of Nile—Destruction by the Plague—A Darkness that might be
felt—Horrible Slave Cargo—Meet with Mahommed Her—Mahommed Her
punished—Nearly wrecked—Stranded among Cataracts—Clear the Danger
—Start from Berber to Souakim—A Row in the Desert—Combat with the
Arabs—"Bravo, Zeneb!"—Disarm the Arabs—Cross the Mountains—First
View of the Sea—Souakim—Arrival at Suez—Farewell to Africa—
Exertions appreciated

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

    General Map of Country, Nile Basin
    Arms and Instruments of various Tribes
    Nuehr Natives coming to the Boats
    Joctian, Chief of the Nuehr Tribe
    Chief of Kytch and Daughter
    Starving boy of Kytch Tribe begging
    The Boys who have begged
    A Homestead of the Bari Tribe-The usual Attitudes of the Men
    Legge the Chief
    Commoro running to the Fight
    Bokke-Wife of Moy, Chief of Latooka
    Drake's Head
    Crimson-headed Spur-winged Goose
    The Latooka Funeral Dance
    Latooka Blacksmiths
    The last Charge
    Head-dress of Obbo (1) and Shoggo (2)
    Women of Obbo
    Katchiba's eldest Son
    Katchiba and his Hebe on a Journey
    Overhauling the Giraffes
    The Obbo War Dance
    Mehedehet Antelope
    Natives of Lira (1) and Madi (2) in the Camp at Shooa
    My Examination by the Chiefs on entering Unyoro-Resolved,
    that I am Speke's Brother
    The Start from the M'rooli for the Lake with Kamrasi's Satanic
    Escort
    The Storm on the Albert Lake
    The Baggera
    Lepidosiren Annecteus
    The Murchison Falls, about 120 ft. high from the Victoria Nile
    or Somerset River to the Level of the Albert Lake
    The Welcome on our Return to the Camp at Shooa
    Head of Black Rhinoceros
    The Chief of the Lira Tribe
    Skirmish with the Natives

INTRODUCTION.

The primary object of geographical exploration is the opening to general intercourse such portions of the earth as may become serviceable to the human race. The explorer is the precursor of the colonist; and the colonist is the human instrument by which the great work must be constructed—that greatest and most difficult of all undertakings—the civilization of the world.

The progress of civilization depends upon geographical position. The surface of the earth presents certain facilities and obstacles to general access; those points that are easily attainable must always enjoy a superior civilization to those that are remote from association with the world.

We may thus assume that the advance of civilization is dependent upon facility of transport. Countries naturally excluded from communication may, through the ingenuity of man, be rendered accessible; the natural productions of those lands may be transported to the seacoast in exchange for foreign commodities; and commerce, thus instituted, becomes the pioneer of civilization.

England, the great chief of the commercial world, possesses a power that enforces a grave responsibility. She has the force to civilize. She is the natural colonizer of the world. In the short space of three centuries, America, sprung from her loins, has become a giant offspring, a new era in the history of the human race, a new birth whose future must be overwhelming. Of later date, and still more rapid in development, Australia rises, a triumphant proof of England's power to rescue wild lands from barrenness; to wrest from utter savagedom those mighty tracts of the earth's surface wasted from the creation of the world,—a darkness to be enlightened by English colonization. Before the advancing steps of civilization the savage inhabitants of dreary wastes retreated: regions hitherto lain hidden, and counting as nothing in the world's great total, have risen to take the lead in the world's great future.

Thus England's seed cast upon the earth's surface germinates upon soils destined to reproduce her race. The energy and industry of the mother country become the natural instincts of her descendants in localities adapted for their development; and wherever Nature has endowed a land with agricultural capabilities, and favourable geographical position, slowly but surely that land will become a centre of civilization.

True Christianity cannot exist apart from civilization; thus, the spread of Christianity must depend upon the extension of civilization; and that extension depends upon commerce.

The philanthropist and the missionary will expend their noble energies in vain in struggling against the obtuseness of savage hordes, until the first steps towards their gradual enlightenment shall have been made by commerce. The savage must learn to WANT; he must learn to be ambitious; and to covet more than the mere animal necessities of food and drink. This can alone be taught by