hundred and eighty-one (11,181); and in 1878, sixteen thousand two hundred and sixty-five (16,265): equal to an increase of five thousand and eighty-four (5,084).

Residing with relatives and others, there were, in 1869, seven thousand three hundred and eleven (7,311); and in 1878, six thousand six hundred and eighty-eight (6,688): giving a decrease of six hundred and twenty-three (623).

By the addition of these several sums of increase, and deducting those of decrease, we have a total of increase during these ten years of fifteen thousand three hundred and sixty-one (15,361).

The increase, therefore, as between the first and second decade, amounts to one thousand one hundred and twenty-three (1,123).

The ratio this increase bears to the total number of the population, from year to year, appears from the following table:

It will be observed from the above statistics, that there has been a considerably uniform increase of insanity, greater than that of the general population, but that it has been less rapid during the second decade than the first. By reference to the last Report of the Commissioners, I find that in 1880 there is one insane person to every three hundred and fifty-seven (357), which indicates that insanity continued to that time to increase more rapidly in proportion than the general population.

I have presented the above numbers somewhat more in detail as to classes and methods of distribution than was necessary, thinking the lay reader may be interested to understand something as to these points, in the care of the insane in England. As these methods are quite similar in Scotland, I shall, in some measure, omit this detail in presenting the statistics relating to that country.

From the Reports of the Board of Commissioners in Lunacy for Scotland, it appears that in 1860 there were of insane persons:

1. Of paupers in asylums and poorhouses, three thousand three hundred and seventy-nine (3,379); of the same class in private dwellings, eighteen hundred and forty-seven (1,847).

2. Of private patients in asylums, nine hundred and seventy-one (971); and in private dwellings, twenty-one (21): making a total of both classes of six thousand two hundred and eighteen (6,218).

These numbers are understood to be exclusive of criminals and imbecile children.

In 1869 there were under observation:

1. Of pauper patients in asylums and poorhouses, four thousand four hundred and ninety-four (4,494); and in private dwellings, one thousand and five hundred (1,500).

2. Of private patients in asylums, one thousand one hundred and twenty-eight (1,128); and in private dwellings, thirty-five (35): making a total of both classes of seven thousand one hundred and fifty-seven (7,157).

During these ten years, therefore, from 1860 to 1869, inclusive, the total number of insane persons in Scotland, of which the Board had cognizance, advanced from six thousand two hundred and eighteen (6,218) to seven thousand one hundred and fifty-seven (7,157), giving a net increase amounting to nine hundred and thirty-nine (939).

I introduce the table as before to show the relation this bears to the number of the population:

It will be observed that the increase has not been uniform, as was the case in relation to that of England. There was a decrease for two of the ten years, 1863 and 1864, but from that time forward an increase.

Referring next to the second decade, from 1870 to 1879, inclusive, it is found that in 1870 there were:

1. Of pauper insane persons in asylums and poorhouses, four thousand seven hundred and twenty-eight (4,728); and in private dwellings, one thousand four hundred and sixty-nine (1,469).

2. Of private insane persons, in asylums, one thousand one hundred and sixty-three (1,163), and in private houses forty-nine (49): making a total of the private and pauper insane of seven thousand four hundred and nine (7,409).

In 1879, there were:

1. Of pauper lunatics in asylums and wards of poorhouses, six thousand two hundred and ninety two (6,292); and in private dwellings, one thousand three hundred and ninety-eight (1,398).

2. Of private lunatics in asylums, one thousand three hundred and fifty-eight (1,358); and in private houses, one hundred and ten (110): making a total of both classes of nine thousand one hundred and fifty-eight (9,158).

The advance, therefore, during this decade was from seven thousand four hundred and nine (7,409), to nine thousand one hundred and fifty-eight (9,158); which equals one thousand seven hundred and forty-nine (1,749), as against nine hundred and thirty-nine (939) during the preceding decade, or nearly one hundred per cent. larger.

In relation to the general population it was as follows: